This study examines the occupational dynamics of population as a result artisanal refining crude oil in Niger Delta using structured questionnaire administered to 240 household heads selected from two settlements, one far area refineries (controlled settlement) and other (experimental settlement). The covered location demographic characteristics respondents, well typology occupations. pair-wise...

Abstract In the given work one can learn about methods for obtaining fuel briquettes from hydrocarbon-containing wastes of oil refineries as a binder are considered, and comparative analysis performance characteristics obtained products previously known is carried out. To improve properties sludge briquettes, study being out and, first time, it recommended to use licorice root production waste ...

I estimate how unexpected increases in the costs of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), a marketbased policy, affected U.S. oil refinery prices, markups, marginal costs, and production decisions. The results highlight the risks of failing to account for imperfect competition, multi-product firms, or both when creating policies. First, increases in the costs of the RFS were more than fully passed...

Process pumps experience widely different operating times to failure. U.S. refineries achieve pump mean-times-between-failure (MTBFs) ranging from less than three years to in excess of eight years. While the importance of pump hydraulic design seems well understood, insufficient attention has been given to important issues of bearing lubricant selection, protection of the oil against contaminan...

Increasing demand for sustainable chemicals and fuels has pushed academia and industry to search for alternative feedstocks replacing crude oil in traditional refineries. As a result, an immense academic attention has focused on the valorisation of biomass (components) and derived intermediates to generate valuable platform chemicals and fuels. Zeolite catalysis plays a distinct role in many of...

Crude oil fouling of the equipment surfaces is a troublesome issue which leads to operating difficulties, economic penalties, increased environmental impacts, and health and safety hazards in petroleum industry. With a rough estimation, a minimum cost of equal to 4 million barrels of oil/year is required to be invested to offset the costs of crude oil fouling in Pre-heat Trains of Iranian oil r...

The crude oil sector in Nigeria contributes substantially to the economy; however, these benefits are being compromised by significant subsidies on refined oil imports. The refined oil subsidy is paid primarily on imported fuel because domestic refineries cannot satisfy the national demand at current prices. Low fuel prices are considered an important benefit to the Nigerian people, where more ...

Introduction Nothing has ever been invented — not the light bulb, not the automobile, not the iPhone. Someone at some point got the notion to combine two or more existing ideas and call it the next new thing. So it was with the Agile Alliance, the Agile Manifesto and its nine principles. In February 2001, 17 “anarchists” met to create a common and more efficient method of software development. ...