Behavioral responses to social odors in Syrian hamsters are regulated by brain structures including the medial amygdala (Me) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The role of these areas in regulating social behaviors has been previously studied in detail. However, the chemical phenotypes of neurons in these areas have not been well defined. Based on previous literature, we hypothesiz...

Olfactory stimuli play important roles in sexual behavior. Previous studies have demonstrated that both estrous odors and initially neutral odors paired with copulation influence the sexual behavior of male rats. The present study examines the pattern of neural activation as revealed by Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) following exposure to bedding scented with either a neutral odor (almond) paire...

Odors are often difficult to describe verbally, and little is known about the association of odors with words that them. Following literature on crossmodal correspondences between sounds/haptics, this study aimed reveal how associated describing textures haptics in Japanese language. Fifty participants smelled 17 food-related (e.g., lemon, pepper) matched related texture sakusaku), soft, dry), ...

We propose a new model for neuromorphic olfactory analyzer based on memristive synapses. The comprises layer of receptive neurons that perceive various odors and “decoder” recognize these odors. It is demonstrated connecting layers with synapses enables the training to two types odorants varying concentrations. In absence such synapses, does not exhibit specificity in recognizing odorants. reco...

It is generally assumed that intensity can be used as a proxy of the arousing properties odors: more concentrated an odorant, intense odor and stimulating less relaxing odor. The aim present study was thus to investigate relationship between odors when judged on two independent scales, for different levels stimulus concentration. Thirty-three volunteers relaxing, stimulating, pleasantness, fami...

Odors of predators are often co-opted by prey species to serve as warning signals. Perceptual properties of such kairomonal communication are under studied despite their common use in many mammals. We demonstrate that the kairomonal response in mice to rat odors varies monotonically with the volume of rat odor. Moreover, the ability of mice to differentiate between two strengths of rat odors is...

We describe models for the olfactory bulb which perform separation and decomposition of mixed odor inputs from different sources. The odors are unknown to the system; hence this is an analog and extension of the engineering problem of blind separation of signals. The separation process makes use of the different temporal fluctuations of the input odors which occur under natural conditions. We d...

This paper reviews evidence that, in addition to incidental olfactory pollutants, intentional odor delivery can impact cognitive operations both positively and negatively. Evidence for cognitive facilitation/interference is reviewed alongside four potential explanations for odor-induced effects. It is concluded that the pharmacological properties of odors can induce changes in cognition. Howeve...

Pinnipeds, as any mammal species, use multimodal signals, including olfactory ones, to ensure vital functions. Thus, some pinniped species seem able olfaction in both social and foraging contexts discriminate between different odors air natural artificial odors, but studies on that topic remain scarce. Here, we studied the capabilities of California sea lions living captivity at La Flèche Zoo (...

Assessment of odor thresholds is a widely recognized method of measuring olfactory abilities in humans. To date no attempts have been made to assess whether chemical complexity of odors used can produce more reliable results. To this end, we performed two studies of repeated measures design with 121 healthy volunteers (age 19-62 years). In Study 1, we compared thresholds obtained from tests bas...