Exposure to odorants results in a rapid (<10 s) reduction in odor-evoked activity in the rat piriform cortex despite relatively maintained afferent input from olfactory bulb mitral cells. To further understand this form of cortical plasticity, a detailed analysis of its odor specificity was performed. Habituation of odor responses in anterior piriform cortex single units was examined in anesthe...

A model, called the Community Assessment Model for Odor Dispersion (CAM), was developed to predict receptor odor exposure from multiple swine production sources. The intended use of CAM was to provide a tool for evaluating the odor exposure to receptors in a community when siting new swine production systems and how a change in odor control technologies alters the odor exposure to receptors. CA...

People can consistently match to odors to colors, and within a culture, there are similarities in color-odor associations. These associations are forms of crossmodal correspondences. Recently, there has been discussion about the extent to which these correspondences arise for structural reasons (e.g., an inherent mapping between color and odor), statistical reasons (e.g., covariance in experien...

Valence and edibility are two important features of olfactory perception, but it remains unclear how they are read out from an olfactory input. For a given odor object (e.g., the smell of rose or garlic), does perceptual identification of that object necessarily precede retrieval of information about its valence and edibility, or alternatively, are these processes independent? In the present st...

Although the perceptual response to environmental odors can be quite variable, such variation has often been attributed to differences in individual sensitivity. An information-processing analysis of odor perception, however, treats both the reception and the subsequent evaluation of odor information as determinants of the perceptual response. Two experiments investigated whether a factor that ...

dental anxiety is defined as an abnormal fearing or dread toward preventive or therapeutic visits by a dentist and unreasonable anxiety against dental procedures. it is estimated that dental anxiety affects one-third of the general population. its physical and cognitive symptoms may result in behavioral issues such as avoidance of early dental visits that troubles both patient and dentist. in o...

The black-odor phenomenon has been widely reported worldwide and recognized as a global ecological risk for aquatic environments. However, driving factors black-odor-related microorganisms potential self-remediation strategies are still poorly understood. This study collected eight water samples (sites A–H) disturbed by different from the Jishan River located in Jinmen, Hubei Province, China. B...

Odors are the cause for most air pollution complaints by citizens. Common sources of community odors include the following types of facilities: wastewater treatment, composting, landfills and industry. In communities across the country, odor issues are addressed in a variety of ways. Often odor regulations and ordinances place a limit on the strength of ambient odors. The strength of an odor in...

The animals, in particular insects (Drosophila melanogaster), response towards odor stimuli in nature can be established by measuring the dynamic of the odor response. Such an approach is innovative since responses to odors were tested only at certain time point so far, not in hour intervals for several hours. The odor attraction to 14 natural and ecologically relevant odor stimuli such as׃ fru...