purpose: to introduce the importance and world prevalence of ocular leishmaniasis (ol), its clinical manifestations, and diagnostic and management features with more emphasis on iranian cases. methods: we reviewed all available articles published about ol during recent 50 years. results: ol is an ocular protozoal infection which is widespread in the world but is more common in developing countr...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hyaluronic acid containing eye drop in ameliorating ocular surface pathology and discomfort in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Twenty five dogs with KCS treated with a topical carbomer (CA)-based tear replacement gel were moved to treatment with a hyaluronic acid (HA)-containing tear replacement eye drop. Dogs were subject to a fu...

Ocular involvement in lymphoma is a relatively rare condition that can result from a primary intraocular lymphoma or an intraocular manifestation of systemic lymphoma. Lymphoma manifestations frequently masquerade as other more benign intraocular conditions including allergic or infectious conjunctivitis, uveitis, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute retinal necrosis, or herpetic retin...

Abstract Sodium benzoate is a naturally occurring preservative present in substances including cinnamon and apples. It used as food increasingly leave-on wash-off personal care products (PCPs), moisturizers, hand washes, shampoos, mouthwash, toothpaste baby wipes. Increased use results, part, from European Union legislation regulating other preservatives, notably methylchloroisothiazolinone met...

purpose : to report a case of adult ocular leech infestation case report : a 67-year-old male presented to the emergency department of farabi eye hospital with the complaint of bloody tear. slitlamp biomicroscopy of left eye revealed bloody lashes, bloody tear and a large black green foreign body attached to the inferotemporal bulbar conjunctiva. one cc of lidocaine 2% was injected directly to ...

conclusions although toxoplasmosis nr is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnoses of nr. case presentation a 13-year-old girl presented with painless subacute visual loss in her right eye for a week at khatam-al-anbia eye hospital in mashhad, iran. following comprehensive evaluation, a diagnosis of toxoplasmic nr was made. the nr favorably responded to classic anti-toxoplasmo...

tuberculosis is an infection which may influence many organs while ocular tuberculosis (tb) is amongst the rarest infectious diseases with no sign of systemic disease. a fifty-six-year- old female with complaint of gradual loss of visual acuity, weight loss, night sweats and purulent discharge from medial canthus and non-productive coughs. in general, tuberculosis in endemic areas, even the rar...

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder; however, exact underlying mechanism responsible for psoriasis yet not known. A hypothesis put forward abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes due to faulty signals brought about by T-cells. Due the lack evidence cause, a variety treatments have been used which topical therapy usually first option in most patients. Topical has several shortcomings and barrier...

When conducting vaginal irritation studies, ovariectomized rats or rabbits are typically used according to practical reports. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of the estrus cycle in a vaginal irritation study using intact rats and ovariectomized rats, which exhibit a late diestrus-like condition, to determine whether intact rats can be useful for evaluating vaginal irritancy. Ra...