Objectives Micelles have been studied as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for improving the topical ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize dexamethasone-loaded polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) micelles to improve patient compliance and enhance the ocular bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dru...

The success of ocular delivery relies on the potential to enhance the drug bioavailability by controlled and extended release of drug on the eye surface. Several new approaches have been attempted to augment the competence and diminish the intrinsic side effects of existing ocular drug delivery systems. In this contest, progress has been made to develop drug-eluting contact lens using different...

Diclofenac sodium as ophthalmic dosage form is used for the treatment of the pain, swelling and redness of patients' eyes recovering from cataract surgery; however, it faces the bioavailability limitation of eye drops due to effective protective mechanisms and corneal barrier functions in the eyes. Therefore, this investigation was aimed to develop ocular film formulations to achieve controlled...

Controlling gene expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) has opened the doors to a plethora of therapeutic possibilities, with many currently in the pipelines of drug development for various ocular diseases. Despite the potential of siRNA technologies, barriers to intracellular delivery significantly limit their clinical efficacy. However, recent progress in the field of drug delivery stro...

Dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/selected small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) pathway can be implicated in development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and the delivery of TGF-β1 could be beneficial for AMD. We developed a new ophthalmic formulation of TGF-β1 assessing the ocular pharmacokinetic profile of TGF-β1 in the rabbit eye. Small unilamellar ...

Objective(s): Ketotifen fumarate (KF) is a selective and noncompetitive histamine antagonist (H1-receptor) that is used topically in the treatment of allergic conditions of rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The aim of this study was to formulate and improve an ophthalmic delivery system of KF.Ocular nanoparticles were prepared with the objective of reducing the frequency of administration and obtain...

In the recent years a significant development of investigations with regard to bioavailability of ocular drugs has been noticed. The corneal epithelial barrier is the main pathway for ocular penetration of topically applied ophthalmic drugs into the anterior chamber. To work out an in vitro model of bovine corneal epithelial primary cultures and exercise it for permeability research with lipoph...

Topical treatment of severe ocular infections may require the use of antibiotics fortified in concentration beyond commercially available preparations. The authors studied tear pharmacokinetics, tissue bioavailability, epithelial toxicity, and comparative antibacterial efficacy of topical tobramycin concentrations ranging from 0.3-5.0%. Tear pharmacodynamics demonstrate bioassay-measurable leve...

Glaucoma is a second leading cause of blindness globally after cataract, which is managed through eye drops, which are highly inefficient due to a low bioavailability of less than 1-5%. Frequent administration of eye drops leads to incompliance in patients, so there is a great need for medical device such as contact lenses to treat glaucoma. The objective of research was to provide sustained oc...