Enteric helminthic infection is one of the most important public health issues in developing countries. These infections are transmitted by faeco-oral route and cause significant morbidity among patients of all age groups, especially in school age and preschool age children. The clinical presentation may be vague and non-specific. Frequently, patients with enteric helminthic infection (especial...

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B (HB) is characterized by the presence of HBV-DNA in patients who do not have HB surface antigen (HBsAg) detectable in sera, and is frequently described in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. These viral liver diseases are common and may have a negative impact on the survival of renal transplant patients, especially if they are both present. In this stu...

OBJECTIVES To summarize the main clinical entities associated with fever without source (FWS) in infants, as well as the clinical management of children with occult bacteremia, emphasizing laboratory tests and empirical antibiotics. SOURCES A non-systematic review was conducted in the following databases--PubMed, EMBASE, and SciELO, between 2006 and 2015. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The prevale...

Background Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R) is becoming an increasingly concerning issue as monoclonal antibody therapy has become widely used for chronic lymphoproliferations. HBV-R can also occur in HBsAg negative patients who have only HBcAb positive (occult HBV infection). We present a non-consecutive HBV-R case series report. Our series consisted of both HBsAg positive patients and p...

Transorbital intracranial penetrating injury is an uncommon mechanism of head injury. These injuries can be occult during the initial clinical presentation. Certain patients develop an intracranial cerebral infection. Herein, we report a 5-year-old child with an occult transorbital intracranial penetrating injury caused by a pen. A retained pen tip was found at the superior orbital roof and was...

A number of risk factors appear to play a role in Hepatocellularcinoma (HCC), HBV infection being one of the most important. Chronic inflammation and cytokines are key determinants in the development of fibrosis and liver cell proliferation. HBV DNA integration and/or expression of HBV proteins may have a direct effect on cellular functions. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is characterized b...

Anesthesia providers must take appropriate precautions to reduce the potential for transmission of infectious agents to the patients under their care. The devastating spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) over the past decade has resulted in the development of specific guidelines for the cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and handling of medical equipment ...

Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a type of recently identified chronic infection that is evidenced only by detection of HCV RNA in liver; patients consistently test negative for antibodies to HCV and HCV RNA in serum. Using ex vivo and in vitro measures of T-cell responses, we have identified functional virus-specific memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of patien...

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to evaluate the presence of occult HBV infection in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without HCC in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum and liver tissue samples from 50 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with HCV-r...