There are various conceptions of objectivity, a characteristic the scientific enterprise, most fundamental being objectivity as faithfulness to facts. A brute fact, which happens independently from us, becomes fact once we take cognisance it through means made available us by science. Because complex, reciprocal relationship between facts and theory, concept does not hold in strict sense an ape...

Abstract This paper challenges the exclusion of patients from epistemic practices in psychiatry by examining creation and revision processes Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM), a document produced American Psychiatric Association that identifies properties mental disorders thereby guides research, diagnosis, treatment, various administrative tasks. It argues there are epistemi...

Each type of activity (namely the respective system professional criteria, not boundless creative ecstasy sent down by gods) is rooted in standards and examples, looks up to role models figures, whose significance limited historical period, subculture, etc. Until recently, theatre criticism, still being one main sources for history through late 19th early 21st centuries, also had such examples....