The evolutionary approach called scatter search originated from strategies for creating composite decision rules and surrogate constraints. Recent studies demonstrate the practical advantages of this approach for solving a diverse array of optimisation problems from both classical and real world settings. Scatter search cont rasts with other evolutionary procedures, such as genetic algorithms, ...

The small perturbation method (SPM) is applied to study thermal emission from a layered medium bounded by a slightly rough interface. Brightness temperatures are calculated to second order in surface height, including both specular reflection coefficient corrections and incoherent Bragg scatter terms. Unlike the homogeneous medium case, in which the SPM applied for emission predictions produces...

Accurate scatter correction is one of the major problems facing quantitative 3D PET and many methods have been developed for the purpose of reducing the resultant degradation of image contrast and loss of quantitative accuracy. A new scatter correction method called Statistical Reconstruction-Based Scatter Correction (SRBSC) is proposed in this paper and evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations,...

one of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

background: it was intended to investigate the effect of physical wedge (pw) and enhanced dynamic wedges (edw) on contralateral breast dose during primary breast irradiation in radiotherapy treatment, using high energy photon beams. materials and methods: the varian’s clinac dual mode linear accelerator model 2100 c/d and siemen’s primus accelerators were used for radiation doses with 6 mv and ...

A class of projection based scatter depth functions is introduced and studied. In order to use the depth function effectively, some favorable properties are suggested for the common scatter depth functions. We show the proposed scatter depth totally satisfies these desirable properties and its sample version possess strong and √ n uniform consistency. Under some regularity conditions, the limit...