R ates o f pho tophosphory lation were m easured at constant sa tu rating phosphate concen tra tion , varying A D P concen tra tion , and varying light intensity. As the transm em brane p ro ton grad ien t is d ecreased by phosphoryla tion to d ifferent extents depending on the concentra tion o f A D P . rates o f A T P form ation ob tained at the d ifferent A D P concentrations w ere p lo tted...

Although obesity is associated with a state of leptin resistance, it has been suggested that leptin may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. In previous studies, we reported that cafeteria diet feeding induces hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinemia in both male and female rats, with hypertension occurring only in male rats. However, when female rats were neonatally tre...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160431.].

Diabetes alters cardiac substrate metabolism. The cardiac phenotype in insulin-resistant states has not been comprehensively characterized. The goal of these studies was to determine whether the hearts of leptin-deficient 8-week-old ob/ob mice were able to modulate cardiac substrate utilization in response to insulin or to changes in fatty acid delivery. Ob/ob mice were insulin resistant and gl...

Liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice display hyperinsulinemia, abnormal glucose metabolism and progressive liver dysfunction. In addition, circulation leptin levels appear to be increased more than 50-fold. However, food intake, body weight and adipose mass are not significantly altered in LIRKO mice compared to wild-type littermates. Using a ligand immunofunctional assay, we f...

Recent epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have demonstrated important links between sleep duration and architecture, circadian rhythms, and metabolism, although the genetic pathways that interconnect these processes are not well understood. Leptin is a circulating hormone and major adiposity signal involved in long-term energy homeostasis. In this study, we tested the hypothesi...

The mutant gene responsible for obesity in the ob/ob mouse was recently identified by positional cloning (Zhang Y., R. Proenca, M. Maffel, M. Barone, L. Leopold, and J.M. Friedman. 1994. Nature (Lond.) 372:425). The encoded protein and to represent and "adipostat" signal reflecting the state of energy stores. We confirm that the adipocyte is the source of ob mRNA and that the predicted 16-kD ob...

Laposky, Aaron D., Jonathan Shelton, Joseph Bass, Christine Dugovic, Nicholas Perrino, and Fred W. Turek. Altered sleep regulation in leptin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R894–R903, 2006. First published November 17, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2005.—Recent epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have demonstrated important links between sleep durat...

D eterm ination of chloride con ten ts in aqueously isolated chloroplasts from spinach by am ­ perom etric titration indicated chloride concentrations of 60 to 100 m m ol l_l (based on a chloro­ plast volume of 25 (a.1 m g^1 chlorophyll). H ow ever, when analyzed by anion chrom atography, chloride contents in chloroplasts w ere much lower (1 — 8 mmol I 1). In leaf extracts chloride concentra ti...

The neuroendocrine effects of leptin on metabolism hold promise to be translated into a complementary therapy to traditional insulin therapy for diabetes and obesity. However, injections of leptin can provoke inflammation. We tested the effects of leptin, produced in the physiological adipocyte location, on metabolism in mouse models of genetic and dietary obesity. We generated 3T3-L1 adipocyte...