Over the past several decades, significant efforts have been made to regulate the use of resource and pollution in most industrialized countries, and the stringency of pollution regulations has continued to increase globally. At the same time, physical and social infrastructures are influenced by changes in the use of resources which contribute to the wealth of many regions. Technical progress ...

In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policie...

Using the most comprehensive developing country dataset ever compiled on air and water pollution and environmental regulations, the paper assesses India’s environmental regulations with a difference-in-differences design. The air pollution regulations are associated with substantial improvements in air quality. The most successful air regulation resulted in a modest but statistically insignific...

Abstract Introduction The goal of neoadjuvant chemothepaeutics(NACs) and surgical excision breast cancer is to control ultimately eliminate the malignant tumour. Despite advances in treatment, a subset patients will develop disease recurrence. Tumour stromal cells(TSCs) are non-cancerous cells that support malignancy within tumour microenvironment(TME). In particular, TSCs can suppress host imm...

We present a new estimator for causal effects with panel data that builds on insights behind the widely used difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods. Relative to these methods we find, both theoretically empirically, this “synthetic difference-in-differences” has desirable robustness properties, it performs well in settings where conventional estimators are commonly practice. st...

Can targeting information to network-central farmers induce more adoption of a new agricultural technology? By combining social network data and field experiment in 200 villages Malawi, we find that central is important spur the diffusion process. We also provide evidence one explanation for why centrality matters: process governed by complex contagion. Our results are consistent with model whi...

ptsd or post traumatic stress disorder is one of the most important psychological disorders in children in which symptoms such as anxiety and depression can be seen. beside the strategies like cbt or cognitive behavioral therapy and psychotherapy art therapy is one of the most important strategies which can help to children with ptsd to cope with this disorder. according to art therapy studies ...

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in world and remains endemic some underdeveloped regions, including western China. The phylogeny classification Chinese Leishmania has not been completely clarified to date, especially within ( L. ) donovani complex, although phylogenetic analyses based on a series gene markers have performed. More analytic methods...