Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a pervasive and debilitating phenomenon in humans. Several adaptive explanations for NVP occurrence have been recently proposed, the two most prominent of which predict associations with nutritional intake or specific dietary components. Here we extend previous cross-cultural analyses by analysing associations between NVP prevalence in 56 studies (21 co...

Ever since the magnitude of the global AIDS epidemic was recognized, much effort has been directed toward understanding and decreasing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The biologic complexity of the problem is compounded by the intertwined issues of poverty and limited access to care, leading scientists and policy makers to search for solutions that are both effective and practical...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the response to antiretroviral treatment among women exposed to single-dose nevirapine (NVP) and/or short-course zidovudine (ZDV; with or without lamivudine [3TC]) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS All HIV type 1-infected women who initiated antiretroviral treatment with stavudine or ZDV, ...

BACKGROUND No pharmacokinetic data exist for premature infants receiving single-dose nevirapine (sd NVP) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. AIM To describe NVP decay pharmacokinetics in two groups of premature infants - those whose mothers either received or did not receive NVP during labour. METHODS Infants less than 37 weeks' gestation were prospectively enrolle...

Objective. To clarify the impact of H221Y mutation on drug resistance to NVP. Methods. 646 bp HIV-1 pol gene fragments (from 592 to 1237 nucleotide) with different NNRTIs mutation profiles from AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy containing NVP regimens were introduced into pNL4-3 backbone plasmid. H221Y and (or) Y181C mutations were reverted to wild type amino acids by site-directed...

PURPOSE Malignant pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare tumor with a very poor prognosis and no effective treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel second-generation synthetic heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, NVP-AUY922, to treat malignant PCC in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to assess the e...

Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade occurs in a variety of human malignancies, where it sustains tumor cell proliferation and survival. Pharmacologic blockade of this pathway exerts antineoplastic activity by triggering apoptosis and/or cell-cycle arrest. Pituitary adenomas show activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, but only a fracti...

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours (NET) represent a heterogeneous tumour entity. The anti-neoplastic therapy of advanced NET disease is still unsatisfactory and innovative therapeutic approaches are needed. As NET frequently express insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their receptors (IGFR), known to promote survival, oncogenic transformation, tumour growth and spreading, the inhibitio...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection in HIV positive patients can affect the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antiretroviral drugs that are metabolized by the liver. Therefore, we determined plasma nevirapine (NVP) concentrations (Ctrough) in HIV+ patients with or without HCV coinfection. This was a prospective study in patients receiving NVP (200 mg twice daily or 400 mg once daily) for at least 12 we...

BACKGROUND The antiretroviral treatment (ART) combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine (d4T/3TC/NVP) is the most frequently used initial regimen in many Asian countries. There are few data on the outcome of this treatment in clinic cohorts in this region. METHODS We selected patients from the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) who started their first ART regimen with d4T...