The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used by many network-connected devices to synchronize device time with remote servers. Many security features depend on the device knowing the current time, for example in deciding whether a certificate is still valid. Currently, most services implement NTP without authentication, and the authentication mechanisms available in the standard have not been formal...

Recent advances in atmospheric plasmas have led to the formation of nonthermal plasma (NTP). In recent decades, a number novel diagnostic approaches been implemented and reported order better understand physics NTP. The use NTP is approach producing reactive oxygen nitrogen species. Plasma technology has many applications, including electrical device microfabrication, biomedicine, dentistry, ag...

1. NTP. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 60-Hz Magnetic Fields in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Whole-Body Exposure Studies)-Draft. Research Triangle Park, NC:National Toxicology Program, 1998. http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/docs/tr488/488full.pdf [cited 11 March 19981. 2. Frey AH, ed. On the Nature of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Systems. Austin, TX:R.G. Landes Co.,...

The crystal structure of the complete 12 subunit RNA polymerase (pol) II bound to a transcription bubble and product RNA reveals incoming template and nontemplate DNA, a seven base pair DNA/RNA hybrid, and three nucleotides each of separating DNA and RNA. The complex adopts the posttranslocation state and accommodates a cocrystallized nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate. The NTP binds in th...

program prior to designing and conducting toxicology studies. The purpose of the research concept document is to outline the general elements of a research program that would address the specific public health concerns that prompted the nomination of the substance or issue for study. It may also encompass substance-specific studies that address larger public health issues or topics in toxicolog...

This paper describes a series of experiments involving over 100,000 hosts of the Internet system and located in the U.S., Europe and the Pacific. The experiments are designed to evaluate the availability, accuracy and reliability of international standard time distribution using the Internet and the Network Time Protocol (NTP), which has been designated an Internet Standard protocol. NTP is des...

The desmosome is a highly organized plasma membrane domain that couples intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane at regions of cell-cell adhesion. Desmosomes contain two classes of cadherins, desmogleins, and desmocollins, that bind to the cytoplasmic protein plakoglobin. Desmoplakin is a desmosomal component that plays a critical role in linking intermediate filament networks to the desmo...

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) conducted an evaluation of the potential for methylphenidate to cause adverse effects on reproduction and development in humans. Methylphenidate was selected for evaluation because of 1) widespread usage in children, 2) availability of developmental studies in children and experimental animals...

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have carried out a number of laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies and presented the results of these experiments in a series of Technical Reports. This paper tabulates the results of the 327 NCI/NTP studies carried out to date on 308 distinct chemicals, and discusses certain issues relevant to the evaluation of c...