American college students’ and children’s scores on two measures of the need for social approval closely follow changes in the state of the larger society, decreasing signiWcantly from 1958 to 1980 and leveling oV between 1980 and 2001 (total nD 36,004 across 203 samples of college students responding to the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability scale; total nD 4741 across 38 samples of children r...

abstract background: the aim of this study was to standardize and assign validity and reliability of the trauma symptom checklist for children (tscc-a). methods: normative data for the tscc-a were based on 3042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different locations of tehran and 140 participants who had been refered to the run-away children centers in tehran. after t...

In multivariate normative comparisons, a patient's profile of test scores is compared to those in a normative sample. Recently, it has been shown that these multivariate normative comparisons enhance the sensitivity of neuropsychological assessment. However, multivariate normative comparisons require multivariate normative data, which are often unavailable. In this paper, we show how a multivar...

The rapid development of data-driven technologies has led to manifold concerns on how protect citizens from the effects massive data exploitation, especially when “personal data” are at stake, since they object a fundamental right. Personal legally defined as any information “relating to” an identified or identifiable natural person, right holder. However, it is unclear in which particular sens...

Global health research is essentially a normative undertaking: we use it to propose policies that ought to be implemented. To arrive at a normative conclusion in a logical way requires at least one normative premise, one that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone. But there is no widely accepted normative premise for global health, and the actors with the power to set policies may use...

This paper proposes a framework based on Defeasible Logic (DL) to reason about normative modifications. We show how to express them in DL and how the logic deals with conflicts between temporalised normative modifications. Some comments will be given with regard to the phenomenon of retroactivity.