Lossy video compression methods often rely on modeling the abilities and limitations of the intended receiver, the Human Visual System (HVS), to achieve the highest possible compression with as little effect on perceived quality as possible. Foveation, which is nonuniform resolution perception of the visual stimulus by the HVS due to the non-uniform density of photoreceptor cells in the eye, ha...

Within the complex dynamics of the solar wind’s fluctuating plasma parameters, there is a detectable, hidden order described by a chaotic strange attractor which has a multifractal structure. The multifractal spectrum has been investigated using Voyager (magnetic field) data in the outer heliosphere and using Helios (plasma) data in the inner heliosphere. We have also analyzed the spectrum for ...

This paper presents a concept of wood quality. The heart of the concept is: Quality is the resultant of physical and chemical characteristics possessed by a tree or a part of a tree that enable it to meet the property requirements for different end products. In other words, the intrinsic quality of wood evaluated solely in terms of its suitability for various products or end uses. A number of t...

This work extends our previous two-dimensional self-consistent model of the cosmic rays interacting with the solar wind to include anomalous cosmic rays. As before, energetic particles are described kinetically using a Parker equation. The model includes diffusion, convection, and drift effects, as well as shock and compression acceleration and expansion cooling by nonuniform solar wind flow. A...

Entropy estimation metrics have become a widely used method to identify subtle changes or hidden features in biomedical records. These methods have been more effective than conventional linear techniques in a number of signal classification applications, specially the healthy–pathological segmentation dichotomy. Nevertheless, a thorough characterization of these measures, namely, how to match m...

Scalar diffraction calculations, such as the angular spectrum method (ASM) and Fresnel diffraction, are widely used in the research fields of optics, x rays, electron beams, and ultrasonics. It is possible to accelerate the calculation using fast Fourier transform (FFT); unfortunately, acceleration of the calculation of nonuniform sampled planes is limited due to the property of the FFT that im...

This paper discusses the effect of nonuniform varying communication delay on distributed consensus algorithms in discrete time. After introducing the delayed mathematical model, we first investigate the ergodicity of the delayed system using the properties of scrambling matrices. Subsequently, the effect of nonuniform varying delay on convergence is examined. It is shown theoretically that nonu...

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the solar wind and magnetosphere are propagated in a medium whose velocity is comparable to or greater than the wave velocity and which varies in both space and time. In the approximation where the scales of the time and space variation are long compared with the period and wavelength, the ray-tracing equations can be generalized and then include an additional...

PURPOSE To perform a surface chemistry study of the interactions between benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a common preservative used in ophthalmic formulations, and tear film (TF) constituents. METHODS The interactions between BAC and human tears, meibum, and rabbit corneal cell lipid extracts at the air-water interface were examined in vitro during controlled compression-expansion of the film ar...

This paper proposes a new hybrid method in non-uniform sampling coding that uses adaptive filters as like zero-crossing and correlation. In speech signals, the modified zero-crossing rate method refers to the number of times in which the signal crosses zero in frame, the rate is high in noisy parts but low in voiced signal or unvoiced signal. And the correlation is high in voiced signals, low i...