1 Background The system PAMELA (Proof Assistant for Meta IV-like Languages) was designed originally to check partial correctness of VDM-like speciications 3] of code generators with respect to implicit speciications given as sets of pre-and postconditions 1]. Explicit speciications in this framework essentially are systems of mutually recursive functions and procedures (in the following called ...

We consider the problem of decomposing a group norm into a set of individual obligations for the agents comprising the group, such that if the individual obligations are fulfilled, the group obligation is fulfilled. Such an assignment of tasks to agents is often subject to additional social or organisational norms that specify permissible ways in which tasks can be assigned. An important role o...

Many local authorities apply public value capture on new developments to cover the costs of additional services. The development obligations (DO) they can be either negotiable (NDO) or non-negotiable (NNDO). This article examines limits NDOs by comparing three national case studies according basic principles proportionality, causality, connection, and lack transparency for developers. Well-deve...

Time plays an important role in norms. In this paper we start from our previously proposed classification of obligations, and point out some shortcomings of Event Calculus (EC) to represent obligations. We propose an extension of EC that avoids such shortcomings and we show how to use it to model the various types of obligations.

when the parties enter into a contract, they are obliged to implement its obligations, but sometimes events occur that make it impossible to execute the contract or runtime status than the time of conclusion of the contract is fundamentally different. these events are referred to as legal excuses if eligible, the parties are exempt from the obligations and responsibilities. the most important l...

obligations, privacy, policies, enforcement, monitoring, stickiness, accountability, identity management The management and enforcement of privacy obligations is a challenging task: it involves legal, organizational, behavioral and technical aspects. In particular, the management of privacy obligations for identity and confidential data can require ongoing efforts, both in the short and very lo...