Disability rates in older persons for both activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) have been falling steadily for more than two decades. Whether these declines will continue or reverse is a major concern of considerable debate as experts argue how the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes among baby boomers and younger cohorts will affect the funct...

BACKGROUND Male circumcision confers protection against HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and urinary tract infections. Compared with circumcision of postneonates (>28 days), circumcision of neonates is associated with fewer complications and usually performed with local rather than general anesthesia. We assessed circumcision of commercially insured males during the neonatal or postneonata...

This study examined the relationship between past-year drinking behaviors and nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in a nationally representative sample. Prevalence estimates in the United States were derived based on data collected from face-to-face interviews using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n=43,093 individuals aged 18 years and olde...

OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study examined the prevalence and correlates of energy drink use among college students, and investigated its possible prospective associations with subsequent drug use, including nonmedical prescription drug use. METHODS Participants were 1,060 undergraduates from a large, public university who completed three annual interviews, beginning in their first year of c...

Three educational interventions were simulated in a system dynamics model of the medical use, trafficking, and nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids. The study relied on secondary data obtained in the literature for the period of 1995 to 2008 as well as expert panel recommendations regarding model parameters and structure. The behavior of the resulting systems-level model was tested for fit ...

During2014,numerouscommunitiesacross theUnited States have been affected by significant, largely avoidable outbreaks of vaccine-preventable illnesses (VPIs), such as measles, mumps, and pertussis.1 These outbreaks have been associated with increasing numbers of familiesactivelydeclining immunizationsagainstVPIs for their children.2 States can require that families submit documentation that thei...