We present a numerical study of beam transport through a FODO HEBT typical of proposed large current ion linear accelerator systems. Previous studies of this problem have usually assumed uniform and linear focusing forces. In contrast, our study includes non uniform focusing as well as nonlinearities associated with space charge forces, fringe fields and RF gaps. We examine current limits, beam...

Preserving the quality of a positron beam in plasma-based accelerator, where wakefield suitable for transport and acceleration is generated by means an electron filament, challenging. This due to nature wakefields, characterized focusing fields that vary nonlinearly transverse direction, accelerating are non-uniform. These also change slice-by-slice along beam. Maintaining high pivotal applicat...

Advances in nano-fabrication techniques has made it feasible to observe damping phenomena beyond the linear regime nano-mechanical systems. In this work, we report cubic non-linear palladium resonators. Nano-scale beams exposed a $H_2$ atmosphere become softer and display enhanced Duffing non-linearity as well at ultra low temperatures. The is highest lowest temperatures of $\sim 110\: mK$ decr...

This research is designed to check the potential of modifying concrete with nanomaterials enhance cyclic behavior beam?column joints. It also studies effect heat on joints modified nanomaterials. Experimental and numerical programs are carried out explore heat-damaged unheated RC Six half-scale exterior beam-to-column were prepared; two control specimens, specimens nano-silica nano-alumina, nan...

Background: Due to the small size of the beamlets in IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy), physical penumbra is one of the important dosimetric parameters and small changes in the penumbra have a notable impact on the results. The physical penumbra width is defined as the lateral distance between two specified isodose curves at a specified depth of phantom. In this study, after demonstrating...

Optical microscopes are effective tools for cellular function analysis because biological cells can be observed non-destructively and non-invasively in the living state in either water or atmosphere condition. Label-free optical imaging technique such as phase-contrast microscopy has been analysed many cellular functions, and it is essential technology for bioscience field. However, the diffrac...

Biomolecular motor proteins have the potential to be used as 'nano-engines' for controlled bioseparations and powering nano- and microelectromechanical systems. In order to engineer such systems, biocompatible nanofabrication processes are needed. In this work, we demonstrate an electron beam nanolithography process for patterning kinesin motor proteins. This process was then used to fabricate ...

This review highlights the most significant advances of the nanofabrication techniques reported over the past decade with a particular focus on the approaches tailored towards the fabrication of functional nano-devices. The review is divided into two sections: top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication. Under the classification of top-down, special attention is given to technical reports that demon...