This paper empirically assesses United States direct investment in the European Union. In that respect, market size, growth rate, labor costs, export flows and tariff barriers have already been shown to influence U.S. foreign direct investment in the European Union. The present paper enlarges the field of knowledge on the matter by: (i) exploring the impact of two locational determinants of for...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (“TTIP”) has been hailed as an opportunity for the world’s two largest consumer markets to expand inter-regional trade, investment and jobs, and to secure greater regulatory convergence that could considerably reduce costly and market-distorting extra-territorial non-tariff regulatory trade barriers.1 As fears of potential adverse effects on th...

To analyze the effects on prices of simultaneous tariff reductions by multiple importing countries, we construct a simple three-country model where a good is produced by a monopolist with non-constant marginal cost and imported by two countries. We specifically compare two representative tariff-reduction formulas: the "fixed-amount" and the "uniform percentage" reductions. The uniform percentag...

Legal aspects of e-commerce have recently been extensively explored in a number of academic fora. The subject matter of cyberlaw has increasingly gained the recognition of legal community as a distinct area of legal analysis at the national, regional and global levels with the EU directives relating to e-commerce being fine examples of regulatory framework under development, ratification and im...

The paper examines the development of foreign trade institutions and policies in Central European countries that were invited to negotiate accession to the EU. The dismantling of state trading has dramatically liberalized conditions in market access. Yet, with the exception of Estonia and to a lesser extent the Czech Republic, they have followed the policy of bilateral rather than multilateral ...

OBJECTIVES A fifth of UK households live in fuel poverty, with significant health risks. Recent government strategy integrates public health with local government. This study examined barriers to switching energy tariffs and the impact of an energy tariff switching 'intervention' on vulnerable peoples' likelihood to, success in, switching tariffs. STUDY DESIGN Participatory Action Research (P...

Agricultural trade policies in Korea and Japan drew much attention during the negotiations leading to the Uruguay Round Agreements on Agriculture (URAA). Before the UR the countries and others had been using non-tariff barriers and many other intervention measures in agriculture. Korea and Japan argued vigorously for maintaining their farm import barriers and subsidies. Throughout the negotiati...

From an esoteric subject of international relations and voluntarism-based initiatives , cross-border governance has turned in the last decade into a key expression of regionalism and of dynamics of change of territorial relations in Europe. Overcoming and blurring borders lies at the core of discourses on European integration aimed at erasing tariff and non-tariff barriers from the geography of...

This paper provides new estimates of the effects of corruption and poor institutions on trade protection. It exploits data on several measures of trade protection including import duty, international trade taxes, and the trade-GDP ratio. The paper complements the literature on the relationship between corruption and trade reform. It deviates from the previous literature in several ways. First, ...

This paper reassesses the impact of trade liberalization on productivity. We build a new, unique database of effective tariff rates at the country-industry level for a broad range of countries over the past two decades. We then explore both the direct effect of liberalization in the sector considered, as well as its indirect impact in downstream industries via input linkages. Our findings point...