Classically, the modulation of brain function and behavior by steroid hormones was linked exclusively to secretion by peripheral endocrine glands. Subsequently, steroid actions within the brain were shown dependent upon either synthesis and secretion by peripheral organs or by production within the CNS itself using peripheral sources of precursors. Discovery of the estrogen-synthetic enzyme aro...

Our understanding of the role of oestrogens in both males and females has expanded greatly in recent years. Hitherto unanticipated roles have emerged that question the very definitions of the terms ‘oestrogen’ and ‘androgen’ as they are currently used. Considerable emphasis has been placed on the regulation of extragonadal oestrogen biosynthesis, in particular that which occurs in adipose tissu...

The biological roles of estrogen receptor 1 (ERS1), estrogen receptor 2 (ERS2), and aromatase (CYP19A1) genes in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear, as is the use of their expression as a prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of estrogen receptors and aromatase mRNA expression, along with aromatase protein concentration, i...

Although the ovaries produce majority of estrogens in women before menopause, estrogen is also synthesized peripheral tissues such as adipose tissue (AT). The typical female AT distribution, concentrated subcutaneous and femoro-gluteal regions, estrogen-mediated, but significance synthesis premenopausal poorly understood. Serum visceral homogenates from 28 undergoing non-malignant surgery were ...

Aberrant up-regulation of aromatase in eutopic endometrium and implants from women with endometriosis has been reported. Aromatase induction may be mediated by increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Recently, we demonstrated that progesterone receptor (PR)-A and PR-B serve an antiinflammatory role in the uterus by antagonizing nuclear factor kappaB activation and COX-2 expression. PR-C, which anta...

OBJECTIVES Aromatase inhibitors that block estrogen synthesis are a proven first-line hormonal therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. Although it is known that standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) induces anti-carcinogenic effects like the aromatase inhibitors, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis have not been studied yet. Therefore, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis an...

Kunovac Kallak, T. 2015. Hormonal Regulation of Vaginal Mucosa. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1076. 65 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9181-9. Vaginal atrophy symptoms such as dryness, irritation, and itching, are common after menopause. Vaginal estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment but not appropria...

the aim ofthe current study wasto comparegeneral health and mood state profile in bodybuilders with/without anabolic steroid consumption. thestatistical populationconsisted of all bodybuilders in tehran city in 2015. 200 bodybuilders were selected from tehran sport clubs with convenience sampling method. after excluding unauthorized questionnaire, 192 questionnaires were analyzed. the data were...