Abstract The study of armed non-state actors (ANSAs) has grown exponentially in the last two decades. This article explores foreign policy ANSAs as a new empirical domain for analysis (FPA) by drawing on various examples from Middle East to show merit this area novel and theoretical studies. identifies ANSAs’ showing how FPA research so far remained state-centric almost completely ignores ANSAs...

Appetitive aggression – a rewarding perception of the perpetration of violence – seems to be an adaptation common to adverse conditions. Children raised within armed groups may develop attitudes and values that favour harming others when socialized within a combat force. Combatants who joined an armed force early in their lives should, therefore, perceive aggression in a more appetitive way tha...

Desirably the defense of any nation should encompass citizens from different ethnic groups as this marks greater patriotism and diversity in armed forces. Malaysia is targeting to achieve a higher number non-Malays army recruits overcome low sector. The main aim study determine level attitude among enlist Malaysian Armed Forces its’ influencing factors. This quantitative involving sample size 1...

We investigate an efficient context-dependent clustering technique for recommender systems based on exploration-exploitation strategies through multi-armed bandits over multiple users. Our algorithm dynamically groups users based on their observed behavioral similarity during a sequence of logged activities. In doing so, the algorithm reacts to the currently served user by shaping clusters arou...

We study the development and saturation of them 1⁄4 1 one-armed spiral instability in remnants of binary neutron star mergers by means of high-resolution long-term numerical relativity simulations. Our results suggest that this instability is a generic outcome of neutron star mergers in astrophysically relevant configurations, including both “stiff” and “soft” nuclear equations of state. We fin...

The UN Charter law governing self-defense is inadequate to address emerging modalities of armed violence caused by non-State actors located in the territory non-consenting third States. This paper offers an alternative grounded state necessity as a circumstance excluding wrongfulness per State responsibility. contention that integrating rationale behind excuse for non-performance obligations an...