There is wide debate over the causes and ultimate importance of the pecking order and debt conservatism to firm financing decisions. We argue that these empirical patterns are not driven solely by firmand market level variation, but are also linked to individual managerial characteristics. We relate the reluctance of (some) managers to access external capital markets, and particularly equity ma...

AbstractPurpose – The study aims to determine the effect of Islamic financial inclusion using 3 (three) dimensions, namely accessibility, availability, and use (usage banking services) in Indonesia on concept welfare which includes 5 (five) elements: protection (hifz) religion (din), mind ('aql), soul (nafs), offspring (nasl), property (mal).Methodology - components are represented by several v...

accordingly, this study attempts to present an effective tool based on the securitized commodity murabahah and to fulfill its feasibility study.  the overall structure of the tool is such that the banks with surplus funds, at first, reallocate their resources to banks in deficit by commodity murabahah program and then convert their demands from those banks to securitized commodity murabahah, an...

Recent studies have conjectured that there may be a link between financial liberalization and financial instability in emerging economies. Most of these studies, however, do not investigate whether emerging economies are becoming structurally more vulnerable to currency and banking crises. In this paper, we argue that emerging economies are systematically becoming more susceptible to both curre...

The social function of Islamic banking is an essential factor in the existence banking, and research still lacking. This study aims to analyze trend its reporting conformity with accounting standards, effect on financial performance banking. population this Commercial Banks (ICB) registered Financial Services Authority (FSA) from 2014-2019. sampling technique used purposive obtained 59 samples....

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. Short Message Service (SMS) is the text communication service component of mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between mobile phone devices. SMS will play a very ...