Observations at a mountain-top site within the Mexico City basin are used to characterize ozone production and destruction, nitrogen oxide speciation and chemistry, and the radical budget, with an emphasis on a stagnant air mass observed on one afternoon. The observations compare well with the results of recent photochemical models. An ozone production rate of ∼50 ppbv/h was observed in a stagn...

Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully rec...

In this paper, we examine the changes in ambient ozone concentrations simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for summer 2002 under three different nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission scenarios. Two emission scenarios represent best estimates of 2002 and 2004 emissions; they allow assessment of the impact of the NOx emissions reductions imposed on the utility sector by the NOx...

In a previous paper we (Diggle and Gage, 1954) have referred to published statements that the toxicity of ozone is increased if oxides of nitrogen are present and we have suggested the hypothesis that if, in fact, this is so, then the increased toxicity is likely to be due to the presence of nitrogen pentoxide, to which the lower oxides of nitrogen are converted by ozone. As a first step to est...

In many urban areas throughout the world, the rising mean and peak levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are a concern. Road traffic and local industry are usually the major NOx sources in urban environments, buttheir relative contributions to the spatial distribution of the NOx volumetric mixing ratio is normally unknown. This missing piece of information is required for designing effective abatemen...

Continuous measurements of surface ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) at an urban site (39°37'N, 118°09'E) in Tangshan, the largest heavy industry city of North China during summertime from 2008 to 2011 are presented. The pollution of O3 was serious in the city. The daily maximum 1 h means (O3_1-hr max) reached 157 ± 55, 161 ± 54, 120 ± 50, and 178 ± 75 μg/m3 corresponding to an excess over t...

A patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to leptospirosis was treated with 40 and 90 volumes per million inhaled nitric oxide. His serum nitrogen oxide concentration (nitrates and nitrites combined) increased 13-fold. The mechanisms for the formation and elimination of nitrates are discussed.

The partitioning of nitrogen oxides between ice and air is important to the ozone budget in the upper troposphere. In the present study, the adsorption of nitrogen oxides on ice was investigated at atmospheric pressure using a chromatographic technique with low concentrations of radioactively labelled nitrogen oxides. The measured retentions solely depended on molecular adsorption and were not ...

THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE EXOGENIC HEAT ENGINE — As discussed in preceding classes, the atmosphere can be thought of as the exogenic heat engine’s power filter: it determines how much and what wavelengths and of the incoming sunlight are trapped, how long the entrapped energy remains trapped before being radiated back to space, and, through this, what the Earth’s overall average surface temperatur...

In this paper, we discuss the effect of refunding environmental charges. Taxes often are resisted by polluters because they imply both abatement and tax costs. We show that when charges are refunded, the incentives for abatement are essentially the same as for a tax, but the output reduction that often accompanies a tax scheme is forgone. We describe and examine the refund emissions payment (RE...