The objectives of this article are to explain the mechanisms of injury that result in ischemia of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy, to offer recommendations about the management of this complication, and to illustrate reconstructive techniques that can be used to correct deformities arising from necrosis of the NAC. With these goals in mind, the article ...

abstract   the perfect method for breast reconstruction would be safe, reliable, reproducible, applicable to all patients, and would have no donor site morbidity. the ideal reconstructed breast would provide symmetric, permanent, and natural results. there has been development and refinement of autogenous methods of breast reconstruction throughout the literature. the tram flap remains the most...

Background: Cases of complete avulsion the Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) due to trauma are rare. The avulsed NAC can be replanted in situ if vessels and nerves were anastomosed appropriately. However, this type surgery is more complex, requires longer operation times surgeon with training experience anastomosis small vessels. We looking for a simple effective method, which widely used. Case Pres...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS breast reconstruction with silicone prosthesis following nipple-sparing mastectomy has become widely accepted as a reconstruction option in women requiring mastectomy for cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and some factors influencing early local complications in patients undergoing NSM with immediate implant reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHOD...

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is challenging in patients with significant ptosis and skin excess. We previously described the first use of a surgical delay (a supraareolar incision with undermining off the breast mound) to facilitate a second-stage pedicled NSM and reconstruction. Here, we present an improvement in our surgical delay technique-a total skin and NSM through Wise incisions. This...

Epidermoid cyst is frequently known as sebaceous cyst. Epidermoid cyst in breast is rare while, presentation as breast lump in male is an extremely rare entity and only five cases have been reported till date. We are adding one more case of giant epidermoid cyst of breast in the English literature. Unusual feature in our case was the retraction of the nipple. Epidermoid cyst should be considere...

Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) malposition is one of the most common complications following nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction. To maximize perfusion to the NAC, traditional methods of correcting NAC malposition limit undermining below the NAC. We demonstrate a series of cases in which improvement of NAC malposition was safely performed by reelevating the NAC and mastect...