This work describes the improved uniformity of short gate length (sub100nm) T-gate lithography observed for InP HEMT devices through the development of a nonannealed ohmic contact process. The incorporation of such a process allows the reversal of ohmic and gate levels as part of a standard device process flow. This eliminates fluctuations in the gate geometry that result from the spinning of g...

REFERENCES 1. Sepkowitz KA How contagious is tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:954-962. 2. Menzies D, Fanning A, Yuan L, Fitzgerald M. Tuberculosis among health care workers. N Engl J Med 1995;332:92-98. 3. McGowan JE. Nosocomial tuberculosis: new progress in control and prevention. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:489-505. 4. Blumberg HM, Watkins DL, Buschling JD, Antle A, Moore P, White N, et al. ...

in this work, we study a unilateral contact problem with non local friction of coulombbetween a locking material and a rigid foundation. in the first step , we present the mathematicalmodel for a static process, we establish the variational formulation in the form of a variationalinequality and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. in the second step, usingthe penalty method we...

This paper develops new fractional calculus models for wave propagation. These models permit a different attenuation index in each coordinate to fully capture the anisotropic nature of wave propagation in complex media. Analytical expressions that describe power law attenuation and anomalous dispersion in each direction are derived for these fractional calculus models.

New families of exact analytical Helmholtz solitons are presented for various material nonlinearities, and simulations confirm their stability. A novel generalization of Snell’s Law for Kerr solitons is also reported. Helmholtz angular corrections to paraxial theory, exceeding 100%, are uncovered. © 2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.4400) Nonlinear Optics, Materials; (190.9540) N...

the conceptual transformation of pre-modern era to modern times of natural rights philosophers rights issues which will be discussed below philosophical development beginning of the modern era. natural law in modern times, unlike many writers, ancient or medieval deemed not continue, but at the beginning of a new era in the world of thought which occurred as rotational different concepts of hum...

The open texture of law is one of the core content of the new analytical-positivist jurisprudence, which is defined by H. L. Hart. In this paper, we try to put forward a new view for the theory that the judiciary should exercise at certain limited discretion to fill the legal loopholes in the long term. Analyzing from the angle of the uncertainty of the rule of law, namely, the open texture, we...