Background: Primary cultures of embryonic neurons have been used to introduce a model of neurons in physiological and pathological conditions. However, age-related cellular events limit this method as an optimal model in adult neurodegenerative diseases studies. Besides, short-interval changing media in previous cultures decreases the effectiveness of this model. As an example of this matter, w...

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a major health problem for which effective drug treatment lacking. Its underlying neuronal mechanisms are still illusive, but pre-clinical studies using animal models of PNP including the L5-spinal nerve axotomy (L5-SNA) model, suggest that it partly caused by excitability changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. L5-SNA results two DRG groups: (1) axot...

Do you know that the foods eat impact your health? Most importantly, what can have negative effects on most complex organ in body: brain! Amazingly, food affects neurons, which are major cells of brain. In brain, an unhealthy diet is rich fats and sugars causes inflammation neurons inhibits formation new neurons. This affect way brain works contribute to disorders like depression. On other hand...

Interspike intervals describe the output of neurons. Signal transmission in a neuronal network implies that some neurons becomes input others. The should reproduce main features to avoid distortion when it other neurons, is and exhibit sort consistency. In this paper, we consider question: how mathematically characterize order get consistent output? Here interpret consistency by requiring repro...

Introduction: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has been known as a key inhibitor of the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Ewe has estrous cycles comprising of follicular and luteal phases. Follicular phase is in turn divided into proestrous and estrous phases. Blood level of LH increases in follicular and decreases in luteal phases. The aim of the present study was to...

objective: the apoptosis of motor neurons is a critical phenomenon in spinal cord injuries. adult spinal cord slices were used to investigate whether voltage sensitive calcium channels and na+/ca2+ exchangers play a role in the apoptosis of motor neurons. materials and methods: in this experimental research, the thoracic region of the adult mouse spinal cord was sliced using a tissue chopper an...

introduction: it is believed that locus coeruleus (lc) influences the sensory information processing. however, its role in cortical surround inhibitory mechanism is not understood. in this experiment, using controlled mechanical displacement of whiskers we investigated the effect of phasic electrical stimulation of lc on response of layer v barrel cortical neurons in anesthetized rat. methods: ...

objective(s): the stimulation of neural stem cells (nscs) differentiation into neurons has attracted great attention in management of neurodegenerative disease and traumatic brain injury. it has been reported that selegiline could enhance the morphologic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. therefore this study aimed to investigate the effects of selegiline on nscs differentiation with focu...

In the present study, the effects of formalin as a peripheral noxious stimulus on spontaneously active units of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (PGi), a narrow region of the ventral pontine reticular formation, was examined in urethane anesthetized rats. Spontaneous discharge of the PGi neurons was variable, ranging from I to 37 spikes per second. Formalin as a chemical irrita...