this paper analyzes the effects of socio-economic factors on life expectancy. using multiple regression analysis, the paper shows that there is a positive strong correlation between life expectancy as an independent variable and per capita income, health expenditures, literacy rate and daily calorie intake. also, it shows that there is a negative strong correlation between life expectancy and n...

The objective of many scientific studies is to evaluate the effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest ceteris paribus. Instrumental variables (IVs) serve as an experimental handle, independent of potential outcomes and potential treatment status and affecting potential outcomes only through potential treatment status. We propose marginal and nested structural models using IVs, in the spir...

Care must be taken when interpreting the coefficients of dummy variables in semi-logarithmic regression models. Existing results in the literature provide the best unbiased estimator of the percentage change in the dependent variable, implied by the coefficient of a dummy variable, and of the variance of this estimator. We extend these results by establishing the exact sampling distribution of ...

Boolean network models of molecular regulatory networks have been used successfully in computational systems biology. The Boolean functions that appear in published models tend to have special properties, in particular the property of being nested canalizing, a concept inspired by the concept of canalization in evolutionary biology. It has been shown that networks comprised of nested canalizing...

This paper explores the idea that institutional details matter and that attempts to estimate the economic effects of federalism by employing a simple dummy variable neglect potentially important institutional details. Based on a principal component analysis, seven aspects of both federalism and decentralization are used as variables for explaining differences in (1) fiscal policy, (2) governmen...

considering the importance of the agriculture sector in iran, this study investigated factors affecting economic growth and development of the agriculture sector in iran over the period of 1967-2009 for short term and long term, using ardl model. the results showed that the ratios of public investment expenditure to the gdp for short-term and long term have positive impacts on the economic grow...

This study evaluates econometrically the effect of government support to agriculture on a measure of the affordability of food in 10 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The panel model we construct specifically utilizes two values calculated by the OECD: Producer Support Estimates as a percentage of gross farm receipts and the Consumer Nominal Protection Coef...

We describe a formalisation of proof theory about sequent-style calculi, based on informal work in DP96]. The formalisation uses de Bruijn nameless dummy variables (also called de Bruijn indices) dB72], and is performed within the proof assistant Coq BB + 96]. We also present a description of some of the other possible approaches to formal meta-theory, particularly an abstract named syntax and ...

Instrumental Variables (IV) estimates are frequently used to correct Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates for simultaneity bias. This paper argues that in many instances, in particular when the endogenous variable is a dummy variable, the measure derived overestimates the effect. It presents a simple method for obtaining a correct estimate and applies this method to data of voluntary health i...