Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical importance of serum interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), neopterin, and plasma soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels in patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza infection and outpatients diagnosed with upper respiratory infections. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six inpatients with H1N1 i...

Neopterin is synthesized by human monocyte-derived macrophages upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Measurement of neopterin concentration is useful to monitor cell-mediated (Th1-type) immune activation. In this study, we aimed to analyze the behaviour of neopterin in long lasting asthma considering its role as a marker of the Th1 environment and to establish the distinction betw...

Neopterin is regarded as an early biomarker of the cellular immune response. This low molecular mass compound belongs to the class of pteridine and is a metabolite of guanosine triphosphate, which is produced by the activated macrophages and dendritic cells after stimulation with gamma-interferon. An international group acknowledges the fact that the levels of serum neopterin can be used as a m...

neopterin, apyrazinopyrimidine compound, is produced by macrophages after induction by interferon gamma (ifn-y) and serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation followed by oxidative stress. the aim of this study was to determine urinary neopterin to creatinine ratio (uncr) as a surrogate marker of cell-mediated immune activation in multiple sclerosis (ms). three weekly early morning...

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in the context of HIV co-infection remains challenging. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and neopterin have been validated as potential biomarkers for TB diagnosis. Latent infection (LTBI) is diagnosed using tuberculin skin test (TST) interferon gamma release assays (T-Spot QuantiFERON gold tests, respectively). However, these tests shown challenges yet di...

Compelling evidence has emerged in recent years regarding the implications of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications (1 ). The growing appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherogenesis, atheromatous plaque growth, and plaque disruption has triggered interest as to whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers may help to identify subjects at risk of futu...

The hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever (hyper-IgD) syndrome is typified by recurrent unpredictable febrile attacks with abdominal pain, joint involvement (arthralgias/arthritis), headache, skin lesions and a polyclonal elevation of serum IgD (> 100 U mL-1). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a major proinflammatory cytokine which could play a role in the pathogenesis of the attacks. The...

OBJECTIVE Interferon γ (IFN-γ) is centrally involved in atherosclerosis-related inflammation, but its activity cannot be reliably assessed by systemic measurements. In activated macrophages, IFN-γ stimulates production of neopterin and conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. We evaluated the relationships of plasma neopterin and plasma kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR) to long-term prognosis in...

Higher serum neopterin is associated with increased mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Preferentially Th1-type cytokine interferon- γ stimulates neopterin production by GTP cychlohydrolase I (GCH-I) in parallel in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. In other cells, activation of GCH-I leads to the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the necessary...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 5-10% of premenopausal women. Studies suggest that PCOS is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). To investigate this relationship, 15 PCOS women (group 1) and 10 healthy women (group 2) were studied. Blood leukocyte counts (white blood cells, WBC) and serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, sensiti...