Voluntary behaviors (i.e., knowledge contribution and word of mouth) are important to the sustainability and growth of online knowledge communities. Although previous studies have identified various factors leading to knowledge contribution and related behaviors, the underlying psychological processes have rarely been examined. In particular, previous studies have not examined how characteristi...

Entity-oriented search deals with a wide variety of information needs, from displaying direct answers to interacting with services. In this work, we aim to understand what are prominent entity-oriented search intents and how they can be fulfilled. We develop a scheme of entity intent categories, and use them to annotate a sample of queries. Specifically, we annotate unique query refiners on the...

When referring to visually-present objects, an elementary site of language use, sometimes there isn’t enough information to resolve the speaker’s intended object. When this happens, more information needs to be elicited from the speaker. In this demo, we will show a simple system that uses the word-as-classifiers model to resolve referring expressions to objects, as well as a simple interaction...

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Office of Rare Diseases convened a multidisciplinary group of experts on August 16-17, 2004, for a workshop entitled ''Fetal Treatment: Needs Assessment and Future Directions.'' The purpose of the workshop was to develop a plan for the surgical, obstetric, neonatal, and maternal-fetal fields for the evaluation and dissemination of...

giving the highest priority to getting the national and local • population counts right maximising overall response and minimising differences in response • rates in specific areas and among particular population subgroups provision of high quality, value-for-money, fit-for purpose statistics • that meet user needs and which are as consistent, comparable and accessible across the UK as is possible

There is an increasing demand for software that matches real user needs in a working environment. Human being always had de necessity to increase their knowledge about the world changes and evolution. Nowadays, new technologies allow him to make dreams came truth This paper describes the development process focused on the user, describing the many phases to follow to meeting user needs, and to ...

The increase of mobile and interconnected devices leads to the growth of demands for context aware applications. These applications deployed on top of pervasive environments must adapt themselves to context changes. Context aware applications have to continuously sense their physical environment, and adapt their behavior accordingly. These applications must perform four phases starting by colle...

As one of the most important branches of ESP (English for Specific Purposes), Business English has nearly sixty years' history in China. Needs analysis is the most important stage of ESP teaching and is a widely used tool to study the validity and relevancy of all curriculum design activities in Business English teaching. It assures a flexible curriculum responsive to the needs of various stake...

‘Information need’ is a notion in IR that is ubiquitous, important, and intuitively clear. So far, surprisingly, the term seems to have defied formal definition. Of course, IR can continue to prosper without a formalization of ‘information need’. Yet when a field gets more mature there comes a time that frequently used notions should be formalized to make them susceptible of scrutiny. For IR su...

Targeting comprises defining the part of the business environment that corresponds to organizations’ strategic objectives and priorities. Targeting is not an easy process because it includes the interaction of managers who come from different organizational units that might have a fragmentary and blurred understanding of the overall issue. Through an action research, we designed and evaluated a...