Since the advent of HIV epidemic in the early 1980s, the medical care of illicit drug users has become central to national and local public health planning. Drug users are at high risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV to their social network via needle sharing, trading sex for drugs, sexual relations with steady partners, and perinatally. The association between alcohol abuse and high-risk be...

In many countries, Leishmania/HIV co-infection is now changing the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis. The levels of transmission of the parasites causing such leishmaniasis were previously dependent on the conventional zoonotic cycle, in which sandflies transmitted the parasites from infected canids to other canids or humans. The co-infection, however, has led not only to marked increases ...

background: hepatitis c (hcv) is increasing worldwide including iran. hcv is more prevalent among intravenous drug abusers (idu), especially if imprisoned, mostly due to needle sharing. we determined the rate of hcv seropositivity among idu prisoners and compared it with those of non prisoners. materials and methods: a cross-sectional survey was done on consenting idu inhabiting two prisons and...

conclusions we found a large impact due to nsps for reducing the occurance of hiv among active drug injectors who have been provided sufficient needles and syringes. the coverage of nsps needs to be increased to observe such significant impact. results given the output of the model, we found that among the pwid with sufficient coverage of nsps the hiv rate is 1.02%, while those with insufficien...

Federated Learning (FL) could solve the challenges of training AI models on large datasets for medical imaging due to data privacy and ownership concerns by allowing collaborative without need sharing raw data. This Special Issue Medical Imaging features papers covering FL-related topics discussing their implications healthcare imaging. The included articles focus a broad range federated scenar...

BACKGROUND Blood contained in needles and injection equipment has been identified as a vector for HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). Yet, there is often a wide discrepancy in prevalence for both viruses. While microbiological differences between viruses influence prevalence, other variables associated with the way drugs are acquired and used, also play a role. METH...

this study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and tacit knowledge sharing through 314 questionnaires provided by university incubators. for data analysis, pearson correlation is used. the study has found that there are meaningful relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and tacit knowledge sharing in university incubators. existing research has concentrated ...

the present paper aimed at developing an approach based on fuzzy inference system (fis) for measuring of knowledge sharing in the organization. in recent years there has been increasing interest in the knowledge sharing by experts and managers in the world, according to increasing importance of knowledge as the key source of competitive advantage, organizations have made serious effort to find ...

The Role of Personal, Organizational, and Technological Factors in Predicting Teachers’ Beliefs about Knowledge Sharing M. Bohlool R. Hosseyngholizaadeh, Ph.D. M. Karami, Ph.D. To explore the role of personal, organizational, and technological factors in predicting teachers’ beliefs about knowledge sharing, a sample of 173 Rashtkhaaree teachers was randomly sele...