A double-blind crossover study was conducted in 10 stable asthmatics comparing 5 mg fenoterol with 5 mg salbutamol, both given via a Hudson nebulizer. Although both drugs caused significant bronchodilatation at the doses used, fenoterol had a significantly greater peak effect than salbutamol and its duration of action was 4 hr as opposed to 3 hr.

The aim of this study is to formulate and optimize novel transfersome formulations for pulmonary drug delivery. Transfersome (F1 – F18) were prepared by a thin-film method using three phospholipids (Soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC), Dimyristoly (DMPC) Hydrogenated soya (HSPC)), in combination with different surfactants (Tween 80, Span 80 20) or without cholesterol, employing Beclomethasone diprop...

Jet nebulizers show an unreasonable variation in drug output and nebulization rates that leads to clinical and regulatory problems. Current evaluation methods appear inadequate for the purpose. Our objective was to evaluate Technetium-99m radiometry to study nebulizer parameters and the factors influencing it quantitatively. Drug output, output rate and residual mass and the effect of excipient...

Nebulizers have considerable advantages over conventional inhalers for pulmonary drug administration, particularly because they do not require coordinated breath actuation to generate and deliver the aerosols. Nevertheless, besides being less amenable to miniaturization and hence portability, some nebulizers are prone to denature macromolecular drugs due to the large forces generated during aer...

A pressure-cycled flow generator type of ventilator is described which can be adjusted to give a wide range of inspiratory flow patterns and therefore the inspiratory pressure wave so produced can also be altered. The expiratory flow pattern can be adjusted by means of an expiratory resistance. The laboratory and clinical performance of the machine and its nebulizers are described and suggestio...

A nebuliser service should be provided locally, according to local needs. It should be centralised and administered by a designated consultant or consultants and written guidelines should be provided for medical and para-medical staff. The service should: (1) provide compressor/nebuliser units suitable for the prescribed treatment, (2) provide a system for equipment replacement, repair and main...

Providers in pediatric emergency departments (ED) frequently encounter a variety of life-threatening respiratory illnesses. This article reviews current updates on the management and unique adjuncts for 3 common respiratory illnesses. Discussed first is bronchiolitis and the impact of high flow nasal cannula on reducing the need for intubation. Next, the current therapy for croup and the adjunc...

The reproducibility of the output of seven different nebulisers was tested. Nebulisers with a minimal increase in output at higher flow rates had less variability in the output. The selection of a nebuliser for bronchial provocation tests depends on the intranebuliser variability. Two nebulisers had highly reproducible outputs.