This exploratory research examines the decision-making processes of experienced IT project managers at the initial start-up stage of their projects and at key decision points during project execution. The focus is on the decision-making related to potential problems (risks) at the start, and materialized problems during the course of the project. Decision processes are viewed from the perspecti...

Naturalistic driving studies (NDS) generate tremendous amounts of traffic data and constitute an important component modern safety research. However, analysis the entire NDS database is rarely feasible, as it often requires expensive time-consuming annotations video sequences. We describe how automatic measurements, readily available in database, may be utilized for selection time segments anno...

The Journal of Safety Research is pleased to present this collection of papers thatwere originally presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research. The symposium, hosted by the National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence (NSTSCE) at Virginia Tech, was held in August 2014. From over 40 papers and posters exploring a wide range of naturalistic dri...

Complex problem solving in naturalistic environments is fraught with uncertainty, which has significant impacts on problem-solving behavior. Thus, theories of human problem solving should include accounts of the cognitive strategies people bring to bear to deal with uncertainty during problem solving. In this article, we present evidence that analogy is one such strategy. Using statistical anal...

The recent trend away from ANOVA-based analyses places experimental investigations into the neurobiology of cognition in more naturalistic and ecologically valid designs within reach. Using mixed-effects models for epoch-based regression, we demonstrate the feasibility of examining event-related potentials (ERPs), and in particular the N400, to study the neural dynamics of human auditory langua...

Naturalistic actions are everyday tasks (e.g. cooking) that require one to use multiple objects and sequence steps to achieve a goal. Naturalistic action impairment has been attributed to executive dysfunction [Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, 1966], semantic knowledge degradation [Brain 111 (1988) 1173], and, more recently, general limitations in cognitive resources [Ne...

Functional imaging studies examining the neural correlates of risk have mainly relied on paradigms involving exposure to simple chance gambles and an economic definition of risk as variance in the probability distribution over possible outcomes. However, there is little evidence that choices made during gambling tasks predict naturalistic risk-taking behaviors such as drug use, extreme sports, ...

Naturalistic accounts of culture share the assumption that is nothing more than information in people minds/brains and environment. They do not provide, however, neither a definition nor theory information. I address this lacuna adopting called “Situation Theory” (Barwise Perry, 1983). argue notions constraint attunement allow to account for cultural information, and, furthermore, is, at fundam...

Within the field of neuroscientific research on second language learning, considerable attention has been devoted to functional and recently also structural changes related to second language acquisition. The present literature review summarizes studies that investigated structural changes related to bilingualism. Furthermore, as recent evidence has suggested that native-like exposure to a seco...

While working on the research and design phase of a naturalistic Asian rainforest exhibit for the California Science Center’s World of Ecology exhibit, we had the unique opportunity to research and develop innovative habitat components intended to showcase naturalistic behaviors. In many cases, the cost of designing and constructing truly naturalistic enrichment devices may not be worthwhile, p...