Nowadays artificial neural network models often lack many physiological properties of the nervous cell. Feedforward multilayer perceptron architectures, and even simple recurrent networks, still in vogue, are far from those encountered in cerebral cortex. Current learning algorithms are more oriented to computational performance than to biological credibility. The aim of this paper is to propos...

The Writing Pal is an intelligent tutoring system that provides writing strategy training. A large part of its artificial intelligence resides in the natural language processing algorithms to assess essay quality and guide feedback to students. Because writing is often highly nuanced and subjective, the development of these algorithms must consider a broad array of linguistic, rhetorical, and c...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND One challenge in reusing clinical data stored in electronic medical records is that these data are heterogenous. Clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays an important role in transforming information in clinical text to a standard representation that is comparable and interoperable. Information may be processed and shared when a type system specifies the allowab...

This paper introduces a new framework for processing Natural Language statements. The parallel is drawn between the Natural Language processing and the Data Mining technology of information granulation. The formalism affords consistent representation of a well-known phenomenon of ‘approximate’ grammatical correctness of Natural Language statements. The approach is validated on some simple Natur...

We present a formal description of a logical language that is based on a propositional semantic network. Variables in this language are not atomic and have potentially complex structure. We start from the individual components of a semantic network system, atomic nodes and relations that connect nodes, and provide a complete speci cation for the structure of nodes and a subsumption procedure be...

How we teach and learn is undergoing a revolution, due to changes in technology and connectivity. Education may be one of the best application areas for advanced NLP techniques, and NLP researchers have much to contribute to this problem, especially in the areas of learning to write, mastery learning, and peer learning. In this paper I consider what happens when we convert natural language proc...

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in research on empirical methods in natural language processing. These methods employ learning techniques to automatically extract linguistic knowledge from natural language corpora rather than require the system developer to manually encode the requisite knowledge. The current special issue reviews recent research in empirical methods in speech reco...

Natural Language Processing holds great promise for making computer interfaces that are easier to use for people, since people will (hopefully) be able to talk to the computer in their own language, rather than learn a specialized language of computer commands. For programming, however, the necessity of a formal programming language for communicating with a computer has always been taken for gr...

Recommender systems are important tools for users to identify their preferred items and for businesses to improve their products and services. In recent years, the use of online services for selection and reservation of hotels have witnessed a booming growth. Customer’ reviews have replaced the word of mouth marketing, but searching hotels based on user priorities is more time-consuming. This s...