Histologic examination of the retina in comet goldfish 11 cm long (nose to base of tail) reveals at least six distinct varieties of cones. Unequal double cones (DC) comprise long (LD) and short (SD) members which differ in form as well as length. Long single (LS) cones are similar in length and form to SD cones. Although evidence indicates that there are two subpopulations of LS cones, normally...

Since the early 1970's there have been many papers devoted to tangent cones and their applications to optimization. Much of the debate over which tangent cone is \best" has centered on the properties of Clarke's tangent cone and whether other cones have these properties. In this paper it is shown that there are an innnite number of tangent cones with some of the nicest properties of Clarke's co...

Studies of embodied perception have revealed that social, psychological, and physiological factors influence space perception. While many of these influences were observed with real or highly realistic stimuli, the present work showed that even the orientation of abstract geometric objects in a non-realistic virtual environment could influence distance perception. Observers wore a head mounted ...

The evolutionary position of tarsiers with respect to primates is still debated. The type of photoreceptors in the nocturnal Tarsius spectrum retina has been compared with the nocturnal New World monkey Aotus trivulgaris and the Old World monkey Macaca nemestrina by using immunocytochemical labeling for antisera known to be specific for primate cone and rod proteins. In all three species, antis...

Horizontal cells (HCs) are involved in establishing the center-surround receptive field organization of photoreceptor and bipolar cells. In many species, HCs respond differentially to colors and may play a role in color vision. An earlier study from our laboratory suggested that four types of HCs exist in the zebrafish retina: three cone HCs (H1, H2 and H3) and one rod HC. In this study, we des...

In this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions of some three-point boundary value problems for n-th order nonlinear fractional differential equations with higher boundary conditions by using a fixed point theorem on cones.

The spinal cord of early (18-20 hr) zebrafish embryos consists of a small number of neurons per hemisegment. The earliest neurons are identified and project growth cones that follow stereotyped, cell-specific pathways to reach their termination sites. We have studied the pathways taken by 4 of the early neurons in order to delineate the cells and structures their growth cones encounter during p...

Accommodation was monitored while observers (23) viewed a square-wave grating (2.2 cycles/deg; 0.53 contrast) in a Badal optometer. The grating moved sinusoidally (0.2 Hz) to provide a stimulus between -1.00 D and -3.00 D during trials lasting 40.96 s. There were three illumination conditions: 1. Monochromatic 550 nm light to stimulate long-wavelength-sensitive cones (L-cones) and medium-wavele...

We have studied the morphology of embryonic chick retinal and sympathetic growth cones as they meet retinal and sympathetic neurites grown in culture. Growth cones preserve their normal morphology and ability to locomote when retinal growth cones contact retinal neurites or when sympathetic growth cones contact sympathetic neurites. Growth cones collapse and their motility ceases when retinal g...

In the present paper, a newly combined higher-order non-differentiable symmetric duality in scalar-objective programming over arbitrary cones is formulated. literature we have discussed primal-dual results with cones, while this article, derived result one model cones. The theorems of are for these problems under ?-pseudoinvexity/?-invexity/C-pseudoconvexity/C-convexity speculations