background: liver cirrhosis was one of the most important liver diseases. other chronic liver diseases could be lead to liver cirrhosis. liver cirrhosis could be lead one kind of liver cancers named hepatocellular carcinoma. cirrhosis in the early stages just by laboratory and imaging testes could be diagnosed. in this study cirrhotic patients were classified based on laboratory symptoms. for t...

Purpose: The objective of this study was to construct and validate a culturally linguistically relevant scale for measuring hope. Method: researchers used logical-content approach generate pool 42 items, which were then subjected qualitative item analysis by an expert in the field. Based on analysis, 29 items deemed acceptable 13 eliminated due poor content validity overlapping content. remaini...