background and objectives: pulse oximetry is the most common technique for monitoring hemoglobin oxygen saturation (spo2). different colors and brands of nail polish may cause disturbance in the reading and interpretation of oxygen saturation. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different colors of nail polish on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter. methods: thirty hea...

Punctate leukonychia is particularly frequently seen in young girls when they start to perform their own manicure. It is thought to be of traumatic origin, but this only explains a part of the cases. Punctate und short striate leukonychia is often a sign of a hammer blow when it overlies a subungual hematoma. Crush injuries are usually bigger (Figure1). Transverse leukonychia may be a sign of l...

The terms onychocryptosis, 'ingrowing nail' and 'ingrown nail' are used in various localities to indicate degrees of severity but for the purpose of this article they will be applied as synonyms to describe a condition where a portion of the side of the nail plate has actually penetrated the epidermis and dermis of the nail groove to produce a wound. The condition may or may not be further comp...

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is an inherited disorder involving skin, hair, nails and teeth. Two main clinical forms have been described--hypohidrotic type and hidrotic type. A case of ectodermal dysplasia with absence of hypohidrosis and defective nails has been reported. The importance of early prosthetic management has been discussed.

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is a minimally invasive technique. According to this technique, two elastic nails are introduced through the metaphysis into the medullary canal, advanced through the fracture site and impacted into the opposite metaphysis. These nails are preformed in a C-shaped manner, which allows for their precise orientation and the creation of an elastic system...