Contrails, like natural cirrus clouds, can cause a warming of the Earth-atmospheric system by absorbing longwave radiation from the surface and lower troposphere and radiating additional radiation back to the surface. They can also produce some cooling of the surface during the daytime by reflecting some sunlight back to space. Recently, Minnis et al. (2004) determined from surface observations...

BACKGROUND Although hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a well-established first-line antihypertensive in the United States, <50% of HCTZ treated patients achieve blood pressure (BP) control. Thus, identifying biomarkers that could predict the BP response to HCTZ is critically important. In this study, we utilized metabolomics, genomics, and lipidomics to identify novel pathways and biomarkers associ...

The magnitude of fluxes in the carbon cycle of subtropical and tropical marine habitats is determined by the supply of inorganic nutrients. These habitats have low sea-surface concentrations of nitrate (NO3) and chlorophyll (dubbed LNLC regions), sustain relatively low rates of organic matter production and export, and represent global ocean minima in carbon sequestration potential. The low NO3...

WE-14 is generated in subpopulations of chromogranin A immunopositive endocrine cells and neurons including those innervating the anterior uvea. This study investigated WE-14 in intact sclero-limbo-corneal tissue from embryonic (E17), neonatal (N0-N16), and adult mice using immunocytochemistry and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Weak WE-14 immunostaining was observed at birth in nerve fibre...

When the whole blood of subjects with sickle-cell anemia is incubated aerobically with N16-labeled glycine, labeled heme is formed (2). This finding demonstrates the synthesis of heme from glycine in vitro. Significant synthesis of heme is not observed when normal human blood is incubated under similar conditions. This difference could be due to the presence of numerous immature cells in the bl...

It was demonstrated by Richardson in 1936 (1) that uracil and guanine were essential for the growth of certain bacteria. Later several investigators found that purines and pyrimidines and corresponding nucleotides are of importance for the metabolism of different microorganisms. Snell and Mitchell (2) established the fact that guanine, adenine, uracil, and thymine may be limiting factors of gro...

The P-carbon atom of n-serine (1) and formia acid (2, 3) were both shown to participate to about the same degree as precursors of the ureide carbons of uric acid. Of all carbon sources investigated these two were used to the highest extent. L-Se&e is also the most efficient known source of glycine in hippuric acid formation (4) and heme synthesis (5), as well as for the 4, 5, and 7 positions of...

The spread of "obesity epidemic" and the poor efficacy of many anti-obesity therapies in the long-term highlight the need to develop novel efficacious therapy. This necessity stimulates a large research effort to find novel mechanisms controlling feeding and energy balance. Among these mechanisms a great deal of attention has been attracted by a family of phospholipid-derived signaling molecule...

Despite abundant pharmacological research on the 5,5-dialkylbarbituric acids, their metabolic fate has not been elucidated. Earlier studies (2, 3) from this laboratory proved that pentobarbital and Amytal are not detoxified by simple hydrolysis of the barbituric acid ring. The present report describes further experiments with isotopic pentobarbital which led to the isolation and characterizatio...

Urea has long been recognized as the principal end product of nitrogenous metabolism in mammals. In recent years, the possibility that monogastric animals might be able to decompose this substance, when administered preformed, has stimulated considerable interest. The presence of radioactive carbon dioxide in the expired air after the injection of urea labeled with Cl4 indicates that decomposit...