Suppression of the myostatin (GDF-8) pathway has emerged as an important therapeutic paradigm for muscle-wasting disorders. In this study, we conducted a translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of MYO-029, an anti-myostatin monoclonal antibody, using PK data in mice, rats, monkeys, humans, mouse tissue distribution data with 125 I-labeled MYO-029, muscle weight increase i...

Oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries in women are one of the most important causes of the high incidence of ovulation failure. This is linked, perhaps, to insulin resistance and related metabolic features. A small number of reports show that myo-inositol improves ovarian function, but in these trials the quality of evidence supporting ovulation is suboptimal. Furthermore, few of them have been...

Fungi in the genus Pneumocystis live in the lungs of mammals, where they can cause a fatal pneumonia (PCP [Pneumocystis pneumonia]) in hosts with compromised immune systems. The absence of a continuous in vitro culture system for any species of Pneumocystis has led to limited understanding of these fungi, especially for the discovery of new therapies. We recently reported that Pneumocystis cari...

The myo-inositol oxidation pathway was investigated in regard to its role as a source of carbon for products of hexose monophosphate metabolism in germinated pollen of Lilium longiflorum Thunb., cv. Ace. myo-[2-(14)]Inositol and d-[1-(14)C]glucuronate had similar distributions of radioactivity, contributing about three times more label to polysaccharide-bound glucose than myo-[2-(3)H]inositol. ...

Filtered myo-inositol, an important renal intracellular organic osmolyte, is almost completely reabsorbed. To examine tubule sites and specificity and, thus possible mechanism of this reabsorption, we microinfused myo-[(3)H]inositol or D-[(3)H]glucose into early proximal (EP), late proximal (LP), or early distal tubule sections of superficial nephrons and into long loops of Henle (LLH) of juxta...

In animal cells, myo-inositol is an important regulatory molecule in several physiological and biochemical processes, including signal transduction and membrane biogenesis. However, the fundamental biological functions of myo-inositol are still far from clear in plants. Here, we report the genetic characterization of three Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase ...

A neutral phytase from germinating mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds dephosphorylates myo-inositol hexakisphosphate sequentially to myo-inositol. The enzyme also binds with higher affinity to myo-inositol trisphosphates (1,4,5), (2,4,5), and (1,3,4) isomers without catalysis. The high affinity complex elicits Ca(2+) mobilization in vitro from microsomes/vacuoles via the formation of a ternary com...

This study aimed to determine the regulation of the de novo myo-inositol biosynthetic (MIB) pathway in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) brain following acute (25 ppt) and chronic (30, 60 and 90 ppt) salinity acclimations. The MIB pathway plays an important role in accumulating the compatible osmolyte, myo-inositol, in cells in response to hyperosmotic challenge and consists of two e...

Over the past few decades, the use of inositol(s) in the clinical practice is attracting ever-growing interest. After successfully launching the special issue of “Inositol(s) from Bench to Bedside in Endocrinology and Gynecology”, we introduce this new special issue on Update on Inositol(s). Inositol is a polyol naturally occurring in fruits, beans, grains, nuts as well as animals. The most com...

The accumulation of intracellular organic solutes was examined in six species of the order Thermotogales by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The newly discovered compounds di-2-O-beta-mannosyl-di-myo-inositol-1,1'(3,3')-phosphate and di-myo-inositol-1,3'-phosphate were identified in Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga neapolitana. In the latter species, at the optimum temperature and sal...