the islamic legal system established an institution based on which the followers of the triple religions, that is, judaism, christianity and zoroastrianism, under the condition of accepting an agreement entitled as “dhamma”, could seek equality with muslims in many citizenship rights and obligations; whereas, they have never enjoyed those equal rights. during recent years, muslim scholars have ...

the issue of transmission of hadith, in western views, is an influential factor concerning the historical reliability of hadith. many western scholars dealing with muslim tradition assumed that in the main the hadith had been transmitted orally and consequently through the oral transmission process, it has been distorted and changed. the reason for this idea is the existence of some prophetic h...

Visualization — the transformation of data and information into multimedia including pictures, animation and 3D scenes — enables users to understand information more naturally. It reveals patterns and relations in the information which may otherwise remain hidden. As a consequence, it can provide a single user with enough valuable information to support decision making. In addition to this, vis...

The concept of worship in Islam differs from that found in other religions, and is therefore subject to misunderstanding. In general, worship is understood to mean the observance of certain rituals: praying, fasting, giving charity, and other "good" works. In Islam, however, worship is much more-it is one's entire life. As many Muslim scholars have said: "Worship is an all-inclusive term for th...

stem cells are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods and to give rise to specialized cells.  stem cell therapy has now been emerged as an extraordinary promise to treat a wide range of diseases and conditions.  however, except blood stem cell transfer by bone marrow transplant which has been used as an standard practice for more than 50 years, nearly all of therapeutic potenti...