Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease; the majority of ALS patients die within 2-5 years of receiving a diagnosis (1). Familial ALS, a hereditary form of the disease, accounts for 5%-10% of cases, whereas the remaining sporadic cases have no clearly defined etiology (1). ALS affects persons of all races and ...

There is evidence that immunological factors may involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Few studies to date have explored the status of the humoral immune response in patients with ALS. We examined the presence of humoral immune activation in ALS patients, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were measured in 36 patients with ALS and 35 normal...

Apical dendrites of Betz cells are important sites for the integration of cortical input, however their health has not been fully assessed in ALS patients. We investigated the primary motor cortices isolated from post-mortem normal control subjects, patients with familial ALS (fALS), sporadic ALS (sALS), ALS with frontotemporal dementia (FTD-ALS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and found profoun...

Multiple studies have shown that antecedent diseases are less prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients than the general age-matched population, which suggests possible neuroprotection. Antecedent disease could be protective against ALS or, conversely, the asymptomatic early physiological underpinnings of ALS could be protective against other antecedent disease. Elucidating the ...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease for which no cure has been identified. Although ALS has no known definitive cause, familial ALS (a hereditary form) occurs in 5%-10% of cases. Many hypotheses have been formulated about what causes ALS, including chemical exposures, occupational exposur...

After birth, the endocrine actions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II become increasingly important. In postnatal animals, most of circulating IGFs occur in 150-kDa complexes formed by association of an acid-labile subunit (ALS) with complexes of IGF and IGF-binding protein-3. ALS is synthesized almost exclusively in liver. GH stimulates the transcription of the ALS gene, resulting i...

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Clinical and pathologic features overlap in frontotemporal lobar dementia and ALS. Demographics, respiratory status, bulbar site of onset, and disease severity are potential risk factors for cognitive impairment in ALS. OBJECTIVES To further delineate the frequency, nature, and imp...

Our objectives were to assess the frequency of behavioural changes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to compare the clinical profile of ALS patients with those with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Ninety-two patients with ALS and their carers participated in a postal survey. ALS patients completed self-report measures of motor function and mood. Eight...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ataxin 2 (ATXN2) CAG repeat size in a cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls. Large (CAG)(n) alleles of the ATXN2 gene (27-33 repeats) were recently reported to be associated with an increased risk of ALS. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING France and Quebec, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 556 case patients with ALS and 4...