Citizen demand for quality public services is increasing, and improvements in the provision of affect citizen satisfaction loyalty. This research to evaluate citizens’ loyalty municipal officials on provided by municipality. The measurement made through a household-level survey, with sample 428 valid questionnaires, rural parish Tengel Guayaquil, following American Customer Satisfaction Index (...

abstract in iran, border regions are considered as strategic and critical locations. potential, natural, and economic constraints as well as being away from the capital, and consequently from power and decision-making centers are some of the main features of these regions. in this regard, the establishment of border markets is one of the most recognized methods for the economic development of b...

Climate services were initially established with the aim to make vast amount of climate data, projections and other science output publicly available support development responses society’s vulnerability change. In Europe embraced concept was not only provide access scientific knowledge reduce vulnerability, but also as an opportunity promote innovation, business opportunities employment, highl...

The history of the welfare state has, in the past twenty or so years, moved away from a simple teleological account of a shift from the cruelty of the new Poor Law to the new Jerusalem of Beveridge. There is now a much more sophisticated understanding of the risk pools of various forms of welfare provision, of the interplay of interests in the shaping of policy, of the impact of Idealism and pa...

Public utility regulation arose naturally in the nineteenth century for gas, water, rail, telegraph, and later, electricity and telephony because these utilities require a fixed network to deliver their services. These networks need access to rights of way which requires community or government approval, while the network is a natural monopoly that precludes efficient competition and confers po...

Services now account for more than half of the U.S. economy. “Services Computing has become a cross-discipline that covers the science and technology of Services Innovation Research, which leverages IT and computing technology to model, create, and manage business solutions, scientific applications, as well as modernized services. The underneath technology suite includes Web services and servic...