INTRODUCTION Cleft lip and palate, the most common developmental deformity, is seen worldwide and the etiology involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the maternal risk factors associated with the development of cleft lip and cleft palate. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case control study at the Women's Hospital in Culiacan...

This report presents the prevalence of the leading types of dietary supplements taken during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-94. Approximately 40 percent of the U.S. population 2 months of age and older reported taking some type of dietary supplement in NHANES III, and the leading supplements taken were multivitamin/multiminerals (22 percent), multi...

We conducted a case-control study of medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors of brain (PNET) to pursue findings related to vitamin and mineral supplements, micronutrients, and cured meat consumption during gestation. Mothers of 315 cases ages <6 years at diagnosis in 1991 to 1997 identified from the United States and Canada through the Children's Oncology Group and mothers of 315 contr...

Women who take folic acid in the periconceptional period greatly reduce their chances of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD). Using multivitamins may also reduce the risk of having a child with an omphalocele. In this study, we tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in folate-related enzyme genes for association with omphalocele. Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (...

A retrospective analysis of all admissions between 1990 and 1995 in a population of 160,000 identified 47 new cases of Korsakoff's psychosis only seven of which were preceded by Wernicke's encephalopathy. There was a higher ratio of females to males, relative to admissions for severe alcohol dependence. It postulated that the increasing incidence may be related to the warning of anaphylaxis and...

QUESTION Many pregnant patients cannot tolerate multivitamins because of morning sickness. Is it the tablet size or the iron content that causes the problems, and what can be done? ANSWER Recent Motherisk studies have shown both tablet size and high iron content to be associated with lower compliance among women with morning sickness. It does appear that tablet size is more likely to affect c...

OBJECTIVE Multivitamin supplements are used by nearly half of middle-aged women in the USA. Despite this high prevalence of multivitamin use, little is known about the effects of multivitamins on health outcomes, including cancer risk. Our main objective was to determine the association between multivitamin use and the risk of breast cancer in women. DESIGN We conducted a population-based cas...

Objective: We asked whether women self-reporting the recommended consumption of vitamin D from milk and multivitamins would be less likely to have low wintertime 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted at least 42 young women each month (age 18 – 35 y, 796 women total) through one year. We measured serum 25(OH)D and administered a lifestyle and diet qu...

We examined the associations of high-dose supplements of vitamins C and E and low-dose multivitamins with the risk of age-related cataract among 31,120 Swedish men, aged 45-79 years, in a population-based prospective cohort. Dietary supplement use was assessed from a questionnaire at baseline in 1998. During follow-up (January 1998-December 2006), 2,963 incident age-related cataract cases were ...

BACKGROUND Antioxidants may protect the aging brain against oxidative damage associated with pathological changes of Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between antioxidant supplement use and risk of AD. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective study of dementia. Elderly (65 years or older) county residents were assessed in 1995 to 1997 for prevalent dementia and AD,...