This paper presents a four-quadrant multiplier based on square-law characteristic of floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS) in saturation region. The proposed circuit uses square-difference identity and the differential voltage squarer proposed by Gupta et al. to implement the multiplication function. The proposed multiplier employs eight FGMOS transistors and two resistors only. The FGMOS implementation...

The Lagrange multiplier method of Babuska for the approximate solution of Dirichlet's problem for second order elliptic equations is reformulated. Based on this formulation, new estimates for the error in the solution and the boundary flux are given. Efficient methods for the solution of the approximate problem are discussed.

We present and analyze a new hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the steady state Maxwell equations. In order to make the problem well-posed, a condition of divergence is imposed on the electric field. Then a Lagrange multiplier p is introduced, and the problem becomes the solution of a mixed curl-curl formulation of the Maxwell’s problem. We use polynomials of degree k + 1, k,...

This work introduces the concept of an M-complete approximate identity (M-cai) for a given operator subspace X of an operator space Y. M-cai's generalize central approximate identities in ideals in C *-algebras, for it is proved that if X admits an M-cai in Y , then X is a complete M-ideal in Y. It is proved, using " special " M-cai's, that if J is a nuclear ideal in a C *-algebra A, then J is ...