‎for a graph $g$ with edge set $e(g)$‎, ‎the multiplicative second zagreb index of $g$ is defined as‎ ‎$pi_2(g)=pi_{uvin e(g)}[d_g(u)d_g(v)]$‎, ‎where $d_g(v)$ is the degree of vertex $v$ in $g$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we identify the eighth class of trees‎, ‎with the first through eighth smallest multiplicative second zagreb indeces among all trees of order $ngeq 14$‎.

To analyze the stability of Itô stochastic differential equations with multiplicative noise, we introduce the stochastic logarithmic norm. The logarithmic norm was originally introduced by G. Dahlquist in 1958 as a tool to study the growth of solutions to ordinary differential equations and for estimating the error growth in discretization methods for their approximate solutions. We extend the ...

We consider the long time limit theorems for the solutions of a discrete wave equation with a weak stochastic forcing. The multiplicative noise conserves the energy, and in the unpinned case also conserves the momentum. We obtain a time-inhomogeneous OrnsteinUhlenbeck equation for the limit wave function that holds both for square integrable and statistically homogeneous initial data. The limit...

Following classical work by Freidlin [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. (1988) 305 665–657] and subsequent works by Sowers [Ann. Probab. (1992) 20 504–537] and Peszat [Probab. Theory Related Fields (1994) 98 113–136], we prove large deviation estimates for the small noise limit of systems of stochastic reaction–diffusion equations with globally Lipschitz but unbounded diffusion coefficients, however, ass...

The characteristics of impulse bursts in remote sensing images are analyzed and a model for this noise is proposed. The model also takes into consideration other noise types, for example, the multiplicative noise present in radar images. As a case study, soft morphological filters utilizing a training-based optimization scheme are used for the noise removal. Different approaches for the trainin...

‎In this work‎, ‎we investigate admitting center map on multiplicative metric space‎ ‎and establish some fixed point theorems for such maps‎. ‎We modify the Banach contraction principle and‎ ‎the Caristi's fixed point theorem for M-contraction admitting center maps and we prove some‎ ‎useful theorems‎. ‎Our results on multiplicative metric space improve and modify‎ ‎s...

In this paper we obtain an upper bound and also a lower bound for maximum edges of strongly 2 multiplicative graphs of order n. Also we prove that triangular ladder the graph obtained by duplication of an arbitrary edge by a new vertex in path and the graphobtained by duplicating all vertices by new edges in a path and some other graphs are strongly 2 multiplicative

This paper discusses the instability of eleven nonlinear state space models that underly exponential smoothing. Hyndman et al. (2002) proposed a framework of 24 state space models for exponential smoothing, including the well-known simple exponential smoothing, Holt’s linear and Holt-Winters’ additive and multiplicative methods. This was extended to 30 models with Taylor’s (2003) damped multipl...

Sell’s approach [32] to the construction of attractors for the Navier– Stokes equations in 3-dimensions is extended to the 3-D stochastic equations with a general multiplicative noise.