Segmentation of femurs in Anterior-Posterior x-ray images is very important for fracture detection, computer-aided surgery and surgical planning. Existing methods do not perform well in segmenting bones in x-ray images due to the presence of large amount of spurious edges. This paper presents an atlas-based approach for automatic segmentation of femurs in x-ray images. A robust global alignment...

in today's design, system complexity and increasing demand for safer, more efficient and less costly systems have created new challenges in science and engineering. locomotives are products which are designed according to market order and technical needs of customers. accordingly, targets of companies, especially designers and manufacturers of locomotives, have always been on the path of progre...

wide range of planar structures in new technologies has attracted special consideration. in this research vibration behavior of plates with non-linear edges is investigated by means of finite difference (fd) method. for this issue, classical and analytical solutions for plates with linear edges were analyzed and mutual equations, needed for numerical calculation were extracted. by expanding the...

Direct digital design of general multirate sampled-data systems is considered. To tackle causality constraints, a new and natural framework is proposed using nest operators and nest algebras. Based on this framework explicit solutions to the H 1 and H 2 multirate control problems are developed in the frequency domain.

Direct digital design of general multirate sampled-data systems is considered. To tackle causality constraints, a new and natural framework is proposed using nest operators and nest algebras. Based on this framework explicit solutions to the H1 and H2 multirate control problems are developed in the frequency domain.

The bolt joint is the key component connecting rigid moving base body and flexible manipulator. dynamic characteristics of manipulator under elastic constraint are analyzed, action mechanism on frequency vibration mode revealed. Considering effects line torsion constraint, model established. Based principle virtual work, boundary constraints end free established, analytical equation expression ...

A constrained type is a type that comes with a set of subtyping constraints on variables occurring in the type. Constrained type inference systems are a natural generalization of Hindley/Milner type inference to languages with subtyping. This paper develops several subtyping relations on polymorphic constrained types of a general form that allows recursive constraints and multiple bounds on typ...