In this paper we analyze the properties of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels in urban macro-cell environments based on a narrow-band measurement campaign with simultaneous measurements from two sites in the GSM-1800 band. We focus here on bulk parameters such as shadow-fading, angle-spread, and their variation in space and cross-correlation among different sectors. We also look on ...

This paper shows how the design of integrated arrays can significantly benefit from Planar Circularly Symmetric (PCS) Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures. Using this technology, a phased array that scans up to 40 in one dimension and that is characterized by relatively large bandwidth (BW ≈ 15%) is designed, manufactured and tested. The specific advantages coming from the use of PCS-EBGs ...

This paper describes the influence of Multiple Access (MA) interference on the performance of a non-cohcrcnt hybrid Direct Sequence Fast Frequency Hopping SSMA Communication system applying FSK-modulation. The MA-interference plays an important role in determining the total interference in a Spread Spectrum system, especially in a non-cellularenvironment, where Power Control is hardly possiblc....

This study carried out to investigate the production of hydrogen using the organic fraction of municipal solid waste OFMSW, where the anaerobic digester was depended as a method for disposing and treating OFMSW and producing bio-hydrogen. Bio-hydrogen production had been studied under different parameters including pH, solid content T.S%, temperature and mixing ratios between the thick sludge t...

Background: Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor with promoting effects in inflammatory responses through enhancing leukocytes migration. Objective: To study the correlation between MK serum levels and concentration of inflammatory cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: We evaluated the MK level and its relationship with inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and IL-23) and a...

The uni-polar orthogonal codes, with code length 'n' and code weight 'w' having auto-correlation and cross-correlation constraints equal to 1, can be designed with proposed algorithm. This proposed scheme design all the possible groups containing maximum number of orthogonal codes as per Johnson bounds. In this case, each of the designed groups is independent with other groups of uni-polar orth...

The mobile communications market has seen an explosion of growth over the past several years. Moreover, trends indicate that this growth will continue uninterrupted into the next decade. To meet this increasing demand, the use of base station antenna arrays implementing digital beamforming is being proposed as a method to enhance both the performance and capacity of cellular systems. In this wo...

Code division multiple access (CDMA) has been proposed for use in ber and free space optical communications. Sophisticated new receivers for CDMA are based on coherent reception, that is, reception where the phases of all the many users are known or can be tracked. While coherent detection is a reasonable assumption in many radio frequency systems, semiconductor lasers suffer from serious phase...

It has been shown that signature (multi-) sets that meet Welch’s lower bound on the total squared correlation (TSC), maximize the sum capacity of the synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) channel with equal average input energy constraints. However, a signature set that is TSC-optimum (i.e. achieves the lower bound on TSC), doesn’t necessarily have a low cross-correlation spectrum. H...