OBJECTIVE To examine prenatal and perinatal risk factors for subsequent development of schizophrenia and affective and reactive psychosis. DESIGN Three population based, case-control studies conducted within a Sweden-wide cohort of all children born during 1973-9. This was done by linking individual data from the Swedish birth register, which represents 99% of all births in Sweden, to the Swe...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether grand multiparity is a risk factor for osteoporosis among postmenopausal women of lower socioeconomic status. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single center study between February 2012 and February 2013 on 50-60 year old postmenopausal women of lower socioeconomic status without a history of medical disease. Women with a body mass index (BMI) between...

INTRODUCTION Literacy is linked to a range of health outcomes, but its association with reproductive health in high-income countries is not well understood. We assessed the relationship between early-life literacy and childbearing across the reproductive lifecourse in the USA. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort design was employed to assess early-life literacy and subsequent childbearing, usin...

OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome of external cephalic version for routine management of malpresenting foetuses at term. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary teaching hospital, Malaysia. PATIENTS From September 2003 to June 2004, a study involving 41 pregnant women with malpresentation at term was undertaken. An external cephalic version protocol was implemented. Data we...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among maternal and infant characteristics, breastfeeding techniques, and exclusive breastfeeding initiation in different modes of birth using structural equation modeling approaches. METHODS We examined a hypothetical model based on integrating concepts of a breastfeeding decision-making model, a breastfeeding initiation model,...

Maternal immunological unresponsiveness has usually been demonstrated with adult tissue allografts. Experiments were first directed to the question of whether maternal reactivity to allogeneic conceptuses parallels that of implants of allogeneic tumor. BALB/c female mice parous by C3H males for one to eight litters and challenged with Tumor 70429 of C3h origin showed increasing unresponsiveness...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether minor abnormalities of glucose metabolism without gestational diabetes are a risk factor for fetal overgrowth. DESIGN A sample of 1883 unselected white mother-infant pairs were screened for gestational diabetes using a 50 g 1-h oral glucose challenge test (GCT) in two periods of pregnancy: early (16-20 weeks) and late (26-30 weeks). ...

BACKGROUND Smoking epidemic in Brazilian women has later onset, smaller magnitude, and slower decreasing trend, compared to men. Among pregnant women, smoking has an additional deleterious effect. The purpose of this study was to analyze smoking prevalence during pregnancy and associated factors, and to describe the frequency of smoking reduction and cessation in public maternities of Rio de Ja...

Recognition memory and anxiety were examined in nulliparous (NP: 0 litters) and multiparous (MP: 5-6 litters) middle-aged female rats (12 months old) to assess possible enduring effects of multiparity at least 3 months after the last litter was weaned. MP females performed significantly better than NP females on the non-spatial memory task, object recognition, and the spatial memory task, objec...