The interaction of radiation with cells and tissues has a random nature. Therefore, understanding the random nature of cell killing that is determined by Poisson distribution statistics is an essential point in education of radiation biology. RadBioStat is a newly developed educational MATLAB-based software designed for computer-assisted learning of the target theory in radiation biology. Altho...

We address the problem of learning qualitative relations in categorical domains. We propose an algorithm that observes the change of probability of a target class w.r.t. the change in the values of the selected attribute for each learning example. We generalize the notion of a partial derivative by defining the probabilistic discrete qualitative partial derivative (PDQ PD). PDQ PD is a qualitat...

BACKGROUND Subtype-specific response to ketoamide NS3 protease inhibitors is observed in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection. Whether the genetic diversity in the molecular target site of ketoamide compounds prior to treatment plays a role for resistance development and lower treatment response in subtype 1a is poorly understood. METHODS Using a public database, we retrieved worldwide NS3-...

Defense is, for all nations, at the heart of national security. All nations face a common set of choices—what decisions must be made, who will make them, how resources will be allocated, and what investments will be made. At one level up, nations have to decide what principles and style of decisionmaking are appropriate for them, and, importantly, what structure will govern the process of defen...

Formal methods for describing programming language semantics, such as attribute grammars, operational semantics and denotational semantics, are not widely used since they are not modular, extensible and reusable. In the paper a new modular, extensible and reusable approach for specifying programming languages with attribute grammars is presented. The concepts from object-oriented programming, i...

• We propose a fuzzy integrated model for supplier selection in digital supply chains. Fuzzy BWM is with MULTIMOORA, COPRAS and TOPSIS. applied to measure the importance weights of evaluation criteria. TOPSIS are used prioritize suppliers. Maximize agreement heuristic aggregate single method rankings into consensus ranking. Digital chains (DSCs) collaborative systems designed quickly efficientl...

Object-oriented attribute grammars are a promising notation for language specifications. They hav e similar benefits as object-orientation in the area of programming languages. They support a compact and flexible style for language specifications. Existing definitions can be easily reused as well as the associated default behaviour. New definitions can be derived from existing ones by specializ...