Modern complex societies exhibit marked resilience to interannual-to- decadal droughts, but cultural responses to multidecadal-to-multicentury droughts can only be addressed by integrating detailed archaeological and paleoclimatic records. Four case studies drawn from New and Old World civilizations document societal responses to prolonged drought, including population dislocations, urban aband...

Abstract This study investigates the characteristics and physical mechanisms of multidecadal variations in East Asian winter (December–February) monsoon (EAWM) since 1850 based on multiple observational reanalysis datasets. The results indicate that EAWM undergoes weakening during periods 1869–1919 1986–2004 but strengthening period 1920–85. Similar evolutions can be observed time series area-a...

Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) are the dominant source of intraseasonal variability in central equatorial Atlantic and play an important role redistribution heat upper ocean. Here we use multidecadal records sea surface temperature, level anomaly, salinity, near-surface currents constructed from situ satellite observations to reveal a long-term intensification these variables due increase TI...

Bement (1969) developed a stocking rate (SR) guide for yearling cattle grazing shortgrass steppe based on relationships among average daily weight gain (ADG, kg · d?1), beef production per hectare (BP, ha?1), and (animal unit days, AUD ha?1) measured in long-term experiments conducted from 1940 to 1963. These analyses identified an optimal biophysical SR of 13.5 ha?1. Here, we 1) examine modern...

Soon (2005) showed that the variable total solar irradiance (TSI) could explain, rather surprisingly, well over 75% of the variance for the decadally smoothed Arctic-wide surface air temperature over the past 130 years. The present paper provides additional empirical evidence for this physical connection, both through several newly published high-resolution paleo-proxy records and through robus...

Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over past decades, this process has accelerated few years. In addition to global warming, direct influence of humans on local water balance is suspected be cause. Since instrumental usually go back only a little known about multidecadal centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate varia...