Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to individual differences in cognitive processing that can protect from and compensate for functional decline related ageing or brain pathology. The CR theory postulates attaining an active cognitively stimulating lifestyle accumulate CR. Reserve Scale (CRS) is a questionnaire measures lifelong attainment leisure activities. This cross-sectional study aimed examine...

Background and purpose Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by progressive white matter hyperintensities (WMH) cognitive decline. However, variability exists in how individuals maintain capabilities despite significant neuropathology. The relationships between individual reserve, psychological resilience functioning were examined subjects with varying degrees of WMH. Methods In the He...

The development of multicomponent reactions for indole synthesis is demanding and has hardly been explored. The present study describes the development of a novel multicomponent, cascade approach for indole synthesis. Various substituted indole derivatives were obtained from simple reagents, such as unfunctionalized alkenes, diazonium salts, and sodium triflinate, by using an established straig...

Low-temperature plasmas are widely studied in laboratory environments and form the backbone of many industrial processes. Highly energized electrons enable processes such as ionization, dissociation, plasma chemical reactions, while heavy species, neutral gas atoms molecules, remain near room temperature. Hence, understanding electron dynamics is crucial to control optimization their applicatio...

Potassium tribromide wrapped around polyethylene glycol ({K+PEG400}Br3-) was easily prepared by two step reaction of PEG400 with KBr followed by the addition of molecular bromine to give PEG embedded potassium tribromide as a dark viscous oil. The synthesized material was found to be an efficient, cost effective, environmentally benign and recyclable catalyst for the library synthesis of nitrog...

A methodological study devoted to the Mannich-like multicomponent synthesis of the antiplatelet agent (±)‑clopidogrel (7) and the ethyl ester analogue 6 is described. The process involves the formation of 2-chlorophenyl zinc bromide (2) and its subsequent reaction with an alkyl glyoxylate and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine (3). We demonstrate that the organozinc reagent 2 also constitu...

The five melanocortin receptors (MCRs) named MC1R-MC5R have diverse physiological roles encompassing pigmentation, steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis and feeding behavior as well as exocrine function. Since their identification almost 20 years ago much has been learnt about these receptors. As well as interacting with their endogenous ligands the melanocortin peptides, there is now a growing l...

We describe an extension of the adaptive space-time finite element method (ASTFEM) used in the solution of the Lamm equation to the case of multicomponent reacting systems. We use an operator splitting technique to decouple the sedimentation-diffusion process from the reaction process. The former is solved with an ASTFEM approach based on the Petrov-Galerkin method and on adaptive moving grids,...

Many animals produce and respond to signals made up of multiple components. For example, many avian sexual displays are highly extravagant combinations of visual and acoustic elements, and are described as being 'multicomponent'. One possible reason for the evolution of such complex signals is that they provide more reliable information for receivers. However, receivers also influence signal ev...