in this article a graph theoretical approach is employed to study some specifications of dynamic systems with time delay in the inputs and states, such as structural controllability and observability. first, the zero and non-zero parameters of a proposed system have been determined, next the general structure of the system is presented by a graph which is constructed by non-zero parameters. the...

In many multiagent domains, no single observation event is sufficient to determine that the behavior of individuals is suspicious. Instead, suspiciousness must be inferred from a combination of multiple events, where events refer to the individual’s interactions with other individuals. Hence, a detection system must employ a detector that combines evidence frommultiple events, in contrast to mo...

We study the question whether multistep methods or general multi-value methods can be symplectic. Already a precise understanding of symplecticity of such methods is a nontrivial task, because they advance the numerical solution in a higher dimensional space (in contrast to one-step methods). The essential ingredient for the present study is the formal existence of an invariant manifold, on whi...

drought is random and nonlinear phenomenon and using linear stochastic models, nonlinear artificial neural network and hybrid models is advantaged for drought forecasting. this paper presents the performances of autoregressive integrated moving average (arima), direct multi-step neural network (dmsnn), recursive multi-step neural network (rmsnn), hybrid stochastic neural network of directive ap...

Decisions in the natural world are rarely made isolation. Each action that an organism selects will affect future situations which it finds itself, and those turn actions available. Achieving real-world goals often requires successfully navigating a sequence of many actions. An efficient flexible way to achieve such is construct internal model environment, use plan behavior multiple steps into ...